Objective: To investigate forbidden (by law) pharmaceutical compounds in antirheumatic jamu (herbal medicine).Methods: Analysis of forbidden pharmaceutical ingredients into jamu was performed using the color reaction, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and densitometry. Color reactions included organoleptic, solubility test and the color reaction, TLC using a stationary phase of silica gel GF 254 and a mobile phase of chloroform; acetone (80:20) was then measured with a densitometer.Results: Found from 7 herbal antirheumatic known in the market, three of which were synthetic compounds containing paracetamol and dexamethasone additions on one of them.
Conclusion:There was a synthetic drug that was added to the herbal medicine namely jamu sold in the community. The obtained results suggest that the authorities more intensively to monitor the manufacture and distribution of jamu and herbal medicines.
The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for labeling genistein compounds with technetium-99m (
99m
Tc) radionuclides and the percentage of purity obtained in accordance with the requirements of the United State Pharmacopeia. The method used is optimization of several parameters including pH, SnCl
2
.2H
2
O as reducing agents, genistein concentration, and incubation time. The results showed that the optimum conditions for labeling
99m
Tc-Genistein were obtained under conditions of pH 8, the amount of SnCl
2
.2H
2
O reducing agents was 30 μg, 0.5 mg genistein, and in 10 min. The optimization of this condition resulted in radiochemical purity in the labeling of
99m
Tc-Genistein compounds at 95.43% ± 0.85%. The radiochemical purity of the labeling of
99m
Tc-Genistein compounds has met the requirements of the United State Pharmacopeia as a compound marked for diagnosis of more than 90%.
Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat that occurs globally in the health sector due to increased consumption of inappropriate antibiotics. Guidelines for prescribing antibiotics for ARTIs have been issued in general practice to promote rational antibiotic prescribing. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of cefixime and tetracycline as a solution to improve monitoring of appropriate antibiotic use in the treatment of ARTIs. All stock isolates were rejuvenated first, and cultured on standard media and Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method was used for susceptibility testing in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute’s (CLSI) recommendations. Identification of bacteria from a single isolate was carried out to determine which bacteria were resistant to cefixime and tetracycline. A total of 466 single isolates of bacteria were analyzed, which showed a percentage of resistance to cefixime 38.0%, and tetracycline 92.86%. Bacterial isolates were resistant to cefixime and tetracycilne was a genus of Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, and bordetella. Cefixime compared to tetracycline was proven to be superior in terms of the effectiveness of ARIs treatment.
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