Comparative study of cefixime and tetracycline as an evaluation policy driven by the antibiotic resistance crisis in Indonesia

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat that occurs globally in the health sector due to increased consumption of inappropriate antibiotics. Guidelines for prescribing antibiotics for ARTIs have been issued in general practice to promote rational antibiotic prescribing. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of cefixime and tetracycline as a solution to improve monitoring of appropriate antibiotic use in the treatment of ARTIs. All stock isolates were rejuvenated first, and cultured on standard media and Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method was used for susceptibility testing in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute’s (CLSI) recommendations. Identification of bacteria from a single isolate was carried out to determine which bacteria were resistant to cefixime and tetracycline. A total of 466 single isolates of bacteria were analyzed, which showed a percentage of resistance to cefixime 38.0%, and tetracycline 92.86%. Bacterial isolates were resistant to cefixime and tetracycilne was a genus of Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, and bordetella. Cefixime compared to tetracycline was proven to be superior in terms of the effectiveness of ARIs treatment.

Tetracycline: structural characterization and antimicrobial properties of its water-soluble di-anionic bi-sodium salt

“…Vibrational Spectroscopy: The ν(H-C aromatic ) and ν(H-C aliphatic ) band vibrations in the FTIR spectrum of TCH 2 and TCNa are observed at 3063-3048, 2955, 2925 cm -1 and at 3070, 2936, 2920 cm -1 , respectively [29,[31][32] (Figure S2). The vibrational bands at 1639 and 1599 cm -1 in the FTIR spectrum of TCH 2 are assigned to the amide ν(O=C (1)) and to ν(O=C (7)) bond vibrations respectively (Scheme 1) [29,[31][32]. These bands are shifted at 1674 and 1609 cm −1 respectively in the spectrum of TCNa.…”

“…Tetracycline is a widely used antibiotic with a broad spectrum of bactericidal properties, against both Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria [1][2]. Tetracyclines, initially employed as topical drops and ointments, represent a group of antibiotics utilized in the treatment of blepharitis [3].…”

Antibacterial potential and synergistic interaction between natural polyphenolic extracts and synthetic antibiotic on clinical isolates

“…According to the preliminary resistance analysis against Gram-positive and Gram-negative clinical isolates, cefixime was resistant with either no or<14 mm ZOI. Bacteria usually develop resistance against cefixime by inhibiting cell wall permeability, reducing binding to penicillin-binding protein or enhancing efflux ( Ramdhani et al 2021 ). Most of the tested extracts have the antibacterial capability with ZOI > 12 mm against the resistant isolates.…”

Efficacy of water extracts of mushrooms on multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from raw cow milk

“…Cefixime has a bactericide activity by damaging the synthesis of bacterial cell wall and restricting actions of penicillin binding proteins. [16,17]. The mechanism of resistance most frequently expressed by bacteria against this antibiotic is the production of class A extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) that are able to hydrolyse the drug [18].…”