Design of Indicator Strip Using Polystyrene (PS) and Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) for Detection of Diclofenac Sodium in Traditional Pain Relief Herbal Medicines

Dalli, Ibrahim; Ramdhani, Danni; Hasanah, Aliya Nur

doi:10.22146/ijc.23612

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…One of them is allopurinol which is added to the herbal medicine for gout treatment. Meanwhile, the Indonesian Ministry of Health regulations state that herbal medicine should not contain synthetic chemicals or medicinal isolation results [2]. Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor drug for lowering blood uric acid levels frequently used for the treatment of chronic gout [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Development of indicator strip or optical sensor membrane for detection chemical drug in herbal medicine is growing. Some researchers use the polymer as a substrate material [2, 8]. Recently, the paper-based analytical device (PAD) has attracted considerable attention because it is a simple, low-cost, and easy-to-use tool for environmental and biological analysis [9–11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Optimization of Colorimetric Paper-Based Analytical Device for Rapid Detection of Allopurinol in Herbal Medicine

Pratiwi

Septyani

Febriany

et al. 2019

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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Traditional herbal medicine in Indonesia is still in great demand and popular in society. The Indonesian government regulations state that herbal medicine should not contain chemical drug due to the toxic effect of uncontrolled consumption. Allopurinol is one of the drugs commonly added to herbal medicine for the treatment of chronic gout. Paper-based analytical device is one of the latest forms of analysis that has been widely used for the identification of chemical elements, environmental contamination, bacteria, and many more. In this study, experiments were conducted using Whatman filter paper No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 and Whatman chromatography as a paper, and 9 colorimetric reagents were tested for allopurinol detection in herbal medicine. There were 5 specific reagents that reacted positively with allopurinol and only 3 reagents that can be applied to the paper, that is, Folin-Ciocalteu, Tollens, and p-DAB reagent. The results of the optimization show that the most optimal immersion time was 60 minutes with a drying time of 30 minutes at 50°C. Each filter paper has different characteristic; however, there was no significant difference when all of the papers were used as PAD for allopurinol detection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Optimization of Colorimetric Paper-Based Analytical Device for Rapid Detection of Allopurinol in Herbal Medicine

Pratiwi

Septyani

Febriany

et al. 2019

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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“…Diclofenac sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects 30,31 . Diclofenac sodium and mefenamic acid-binding to cyclooxygenase (COX), resulting in decreased formation of prostaglandins, which are biomarkers responsible for inflammation and pain 32,33 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Medicinal Chemicals Contained on Jamu: A Review

Syahfitr¹,

Asra²

2021

Asian J Pharm Res Dev

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Background: Jamu is commonly known as an Indonesian traditional herbal medicine that contains ingredients or ingredients derived from plants, animals, minerals, galenic, or mixtures of these ingredients that have been hereditary for medicinal use. Some studies reported the presence of medicinal chemicals that are deliberately added to Jamu. Jamuthat containing medicinal chemicals usually had a faster healing effect compared to Jamu that do not contain medicinal chemicals. Jamu added medicinal chemicals cause serious side effects if it is consumed regularly, overdose, and long period consumption with uncontrolled dosage or its interaction with other substances on jamu formulation. Purpose: This review article aims to summarize several methods used to analyze medicinal chemicals contained in jamu. Data source:The author created thisreview article by conducting literature studies. The literature was collected from national and international journals published in the last ten years (2010-2020). The works of literature were collected from trusted online journal sites such as the digital library, Google, Google scholar/Google Cendekia, PubMed, ScienceDirect, NCBI, Researchgate, and other E-resource with the keyword “Jamu”, “medicinal chemicals”, and “analysis of medicinal chemicals”. Conclusion: Jamu products that containing medicinal chemicals are jamu pegal linu, weight loss, stamina enhancer, diabetes, antihypertensive and dietary supplements. The medicinal chemicals used are sodium diclofenac, paracetamol, piroxicam, ibuprofen, dexamethasone, mefenamic acid, phenolphthalein, sibutramine, fenfluramine, sildenafil, tadalafil, thiosildenafil, caffeine, ephedrine, nifedipine, glibenclamide. Herbal Medicine was analyzed by the TLC method (thin layer chromatography), Densitometry-chromatography, thin-layer chromatography-Spectrophotometry, SERS-thin layer chromatography, Spectrophotometry, HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography), HPLC-ESI-MS/MS (high-performance liquid. chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry), HPLC-Densitometry (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-densitometry), UHPLC-Q-ORTIP HERMS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry), UPLC/Q-TOF MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS), Capillary electrophoresis (CE), GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry), LC-MS (Liquid Crhomatogaph Mass) Spectrometry), Prototype Test-Strip, Infrared spectroscopy.

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“…6 of 2016 concerning the Formulary of Original Indonesian Herbal Medicines, jamu is a medicinal preparation from natural ingredients which safety and efficacy status are empirically proven [2]. The increasing demand for uric acid herbal medicine has triggered some manufacturers to carry out illegal practices in the form of adding synthetic medicinal chemicals [3]. This illegal practice is known to violate Minister of Health Regulation (Permenkes) No.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Three Extraction Methods of Allopurinol in Uric Acid Herbal Medicine With High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quantification

2021

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Objective: This study was aimed to understand and determine the effectiveness of allopurinol extraction in herbal medicine from three extraction methods based on parameters of accuracy and precision. Methods: The study consisted of three methods including dissolving and filtering, liquid-liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction with mixed-mode cation exchanger (SPE-MCX). The procedures were carried out using NaOH and HCl in dissolving and filtering method; methanol, HCl, and ethyl acetate in liquid-liquid extraction; and NH4OH elution solvent in SPE-MCX. Results: The results showed that extraction effectiveness based on accuracy level was the dissolving and filtering method>SPE-MCX>liquid-liquid extraction with % recovery+SD of 91.314+2.903%, 87.533+4.950%, and 54.549+3.517%, respectively. The precision level was the dissolution and filtering method>SPE-MCX>liquid-liquid extraction based on % relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.18%, 5.226%, and 6.446%, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the allopurinol extraction method with the highest effectiveness based on accuracy and precision parameters in herbal medicine is the dissolving and filtering method.

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Design of Indicator Strip Using Polystyrene (PS) and Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) for Detection of Diclofenac Sodium in Traditional Pain Relief Herbal Medicines

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Design and Optimization of Colorimetric Paper-Based Analytical Device for Rapid Detection of Allopurinol in Herbal Medicine

Design and Optimization of Colorimetric Paper-Based Analytical Device for Rapid Detection of Allopurinol in Herbal Medicine

Analysis of Medicinal Chemicals Contained on Jamu: A Review

Comparison of Three Extraction Methods of Allopurinol in Uric Acid Herbal Medicine With High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quantification

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