The paper focuses on certain natural polyphenolic extracts from common elder fruit (Sambucus nigra), and also on their effects in diabetes mellitus. The results reveal that the glycosylated hemoglobin values are much higher in the diabetic group and they are significantly lower in the group protected by polyphenols. The natural polyphenol compounds reduce the lipids peroxides, neutralize the lipid peroxil radicals and inhibit the LDL oxidation. Following the perturbation of the lipid metabolism in the diabetic rats, atherogen risk has significantly increased values in comparison to the rats from the witness groups. It is found that due to the polyphenolic protection of the rats from the diabetic group treated with polyphenols, the atherogen risk is preserved at normal limits. The serum activity of glutathione-peroxidase and superoxide-dismutase has significantly lower values in the diabetic group as compared to the group protected by polyphenols. Through the hypoglycemiant, hypolipemiant and antioxidant effects,Sambucus nigra represents a possible dietary adjunct for the treatment of diabetes and a potential source for the discovery of new orally active agent(s) for future diabetes therapy. Understanding the mechanism through which the natural polyphenols have effects on the functionality of the endothelium cells, including on the membrane sensitivity and intracellular signalling, could represent a new way of therapeutically approaching chronic metabolic diseases and cardiovascular illnesses.
Over the past two decades, the resistance to antibiotics, especially for Gram-negative bacteria, has increased at an alarming rate, requiring constant concern for resolving and controlling this extremely important therapeutic aspect in any medical department but in particular, in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Units, in units of neonatology, paediatrics, neurosurgery, burned patients and immunosuppressed. Specialists note a particular concern for the resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to third-generation cephalosporins and aztreonam, with a resistance profile frequently associated with the expression of extended-spectrum �-lactamases (ESBL). The Enterobacter genus comprises 14 species, but two are of medical interest, Enterobacter aerogenes and E. cloacae, which are involved in inducing healthcare-associated infections such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation, bacteremia, septicemia, etc. The purpose of the study was to highlight the antibiotic molecules in which microbial resistance of some circulating strains of enterobacteria was detected. A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted between 2012-2017, on a batch of 35 patients, admitted to the Sf. Maria Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children of Iasi, from whom various pathological products were collected to highlight the Enterobacter sp strains involved in the production of infections associated with the inpatient medical care. The antimicrobial sensitivity of each strain was determined by diffusimetric method, while the interpretation criteria were considered to be those of the laboratory standards. Most cases were reported in 2017 (31.42%). The majority were registered in new-borns (42.85%) and infants (25.71%). The Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Units and Neonatology Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Units departments were the most involved. Microbial antibacterial resistance of Enterobacter sp isolates showed that all manifested resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, 48.57% were resistant to Cefuroxime, 42.85% resistant to Ceftazidime and Ceftriaxone, 14.28% to ciprofloxacin, 11.42% to ertapenem, 5.71% to Meronem. Although it showed relatively few cases with infections associated with healthcare in which strains of Enterobacter sp. were isolated our study, which was carried out over a period of 5 years, provides useful indications regarding the prevalence of healthcare associated infections with Enterobacter sp in paediatric patients and guidelines for antibiotic therapy.
Various epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between the consumption of polyphenols or polyphenol-rich foods and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the study was to emphasize the effects of the association between the renin inhibitor and the polyphenolic extract on biochemical parameters and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The polyphenols are extracted from isolated and purified vegetable material represented by the mature fruit of the Aronia melanocarpa. The experiment was performed on the arterial hypertension model. In the arterial hypertensive model the cardioprotective effects of the polyphenolic extract from Aronia melanocarpa are represented by the antioxidant, hypocolesterolemiant intervention. Polyphenolic extract from Aronia melanocarpa reduce systolic and diastolic arterial tension values in rats with druginduced hypertension, a phenomenon more pronounced when polyphenols are associated with Aliskiren (renin inhibitor). The combination between the Aliskiren and polyphenolic extract produce superior hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects than in the case of separate administration within experimental arterial hypertension induced in the murine model.
Numerous articles on Salvia officinalis L. have been published regarding the composition of their essential oil. The considerable variation found may be due to the quality of the plant material as well as to the methods used for analysis. A simple GC-MS method was developed and optimized in the QbD approach, for the determination of sage essential oils. The optimization of GC-MS analysis was performed using different mobile phase flows, injection volumes, split ratios and temperature programs. The optimized method proved to be simple and can be successfully applied for the determination of sage essential oils.
Physiopathology determines the causes and conditions of pathological processes, in other words, of aetiology, as well as the mechanisms of their production, namely pathogenesis; this discipline studies the general reactions of the organism, regardless of the form of the disease by which they would manifest themselves; it also studies the general rules for the occurrence and evolution of the disorders of the functions of different systems which depend on the properties of the whole organism. The tasks of physiopathology become clearer when we compare it with the tasks of the clinical investigation. Physiopathology clarifies the causes and the mechanism of the onset of a thermal reaction of the body, such as fever; the clinical part, in this case, deals with certain well-defined forms of febrile disorders, especially of infectious origin. Physiopathology studies the general rules of occurrence and development of the inflammatory process, while the clinical disciplines investigate a number of diseases caused by different forms of inflammation. Physiopathology is closely related to biology. The personal clinical study was carried out during the period 2016-2018 on a sample of 362 patients, who showed changes in the functions of different systems and organs during fever. The problem of the influence of fever, seen as a general reaction of the organism to the action of infectious agents, is of major importance in clarifying the role of fever as a reaction of adaptation in the fight of the body against infection, and it largely determines its treatment. Excessive temperature increase, as well as a sudden drop, can exert a harmful effect on the body.
Background Sepsis affects over 30 million people worldwide each year, causing approximately 6 million deaths. Challenges in clinical diagnosis and the need for an early diagnosis to prevent mortality due to sepsis have led to dependence on inflammatory biomarkers like Procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Objective This study was performed to observe the contribution of inflammatory biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with surgical sepsis. Methods We performed a retrospective observational study in a Clinical Emergency Hospital, which included a number of 125 patients with surgical sepsis admitted between January 2020 and December 2021. The patients were included in the study based on the Sepsis-3 definition. PCT, CRP, IL-6, Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), the time up to surgery, the days of treatment in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and the total days of hospitalization had been statistically analyzed. Results The mean age of all patients was 65.14 years. The mean value in all patients for PCT was 20.08 ng/mL, for CRP was 175.42 mg/l, and for IL-6 was 799.6 pg/mL. The strongest correlation between biomarkers was between CRP and IL-6 (r = 0.425; p < 0.0001). Of all biomarkers, the CRP correlated the strongest with patient outcomes (r = 0.544; p < 0.0001). The area under curve (AUC) for the mean values of the inflammatory biomarkers was calculated and the best diagnostic performance was for CRP with 0.816 (95% CI: 0.744–0.887). Conclusion CRP and IL-6 were the most efficient in sepsis diagnosis. The association of PCT, CRP and IL-6 has increased the range of certainty in sepsis diagnosis. CRP was the most efficient biomarker in the prognosis of sepsis.
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