Background: Stroke is one of the largest problems and clinical-social challenges within neurology and, in general, pathology. Here, we briefly reviewed the main pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic stroke, which represent targets for medical interventions, including for a calf blood deproteinized hemodialysate/ultrafiltrate. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of current related literature concerning the effects of Actovegin®, of mainly the pleiotropic type, applied to the injury pathways of ischemic stroke. Results: The bibliographic resources regarding the use of Actovegin® in ischemic stroke are scarce. The main Actovegin® actions refer to the ischemic stroke lesion items’ ensemble, targeting tissue oxidation, energy metabolism, and glucose availability through their augmentation, combating ischemic processes and oxidative stress, and decreasing inflammation (including with modulatory connotations, by the nuclear factor-κB pathway) and apoptosis-like processes, counteracting them by mitigating the caspase-3 activation induced by amyloid β-peptides. Conclusion: Since no available therapeutic agents are capable of curing the central nervous system’s lesions, any contribution, such as that of Actovegin® (with consideration of a positive balance between benefits and risks), is worthy of further study and periodic reappraisal, including investigation into further connected aspects.
Along with the findings of recent years in medical imaging, a wide range of contrast agents have been developed and used in order to improve the quality of the images acquired and to get a diagnosis with the highest accuracy. Modern substances used in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging contain ions with one or more free electrons, which have fewer side effects and are eliminated by the kidney in a short time. This is used in MRI practice in T1 section, where these substances reduce relaxation time and increase signal strength. Our study included a group of 17 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer, who were also investigated by MRI technique with paramagnetic contrast agents. We followed the cervix-related aspects in the T1 and T2 sections and applied the EMVI score criteria to determine the level of extramural invasion of the blood vessels. The results are conclusive in the advanced stages of the disease when EMVI staging criteria are similar to those of TNM.
Calcium is involved in many biological processes. Hydroxyapatite provides bone mineralization, maintains cellular signaling, enzyme activity, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction and regulates blood clotting and membrane permeability. Calcium depositions may be caused by necrosis following trauma, connective tissue diseases, metabolic diseases, sarcoidosis, myeloma, metastases, chondrocalcinosis or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease, cervical spondylosis, ankylosing spondylitis, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine and Forestier�s disease. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) or Forestier-Rotes-Querrol�s disease is characterized by calcification of ligaments and entheses of the anterior vertebrae in the thoracic spine and sacroiliac joint bridging caused by abnormal proliferation of osteoblasts. At least four consecutive thoracic vertebrae are affected and the intervertebral disc space is preserved. Peripheral joints of heels, knees, elbows and pelvis may be also affected. Diagnosis is confirmed by radiographic findings with a candlewax-like appearance down the spine, on C2-C6 vertebrae. A total number of 37 patients with a median age of 63 years, of which 24 were male (64.86%) and 13 female (35.14%), were diagnosed with DISH at the Clinic of Geriatry of Galati County Emergency Clinical Hospital Sf. Apostol Andrei between 2006-2016. Differential diagnosis included ankylosing spondylitis and spondylosis deformans. DISH was found in patients aged over 50 years, with obesity and diabetes, based on radiographic findings. Drug therapy and physical therapy successfully provided pain relief, increased axial and peripheral mobility, improved physical function and optimal quality of life. None of our patients required surgery, as there were no cases with compromised airways and digestive tract involvement. Our study confirms that old age, obesity and type 2 diabetes are risk factors for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.
The aim of the present study was to characterize the antibiotic resistance profile of enterobacteriaceae strains isolated in Infectious Diseases Hospital Galati, Romania, during 2016, in order to guide the local antibiotic stewardship strategy. There are 597 biological samples with positive cultures for enterobacteriaceae, related to invasive and non-invasive infections. The main bacterial genus were E. coli 62%, Klebsiella spp 15%, Proteus spp 11% and Salmonella spp 6%. Over a half of isolated strains have one or more antibiotic resistance. The resistance level depends on bacterial genus, with highest level found among the rare isolates: Enterobacter spp, Citrobacter spp, Morganella spp and Serratia spp. The rate of MDR was 17.,6% for E. coli, 40.9% for Klebsiella spp and 50.7% for Proteus spp. while the rate of strains producing Extended Spectrum of Beta Lactamase are 7.2% for E. coli, 28.4% for Klebsiella spp and 12.3% for Proteus spp. The carbapenem resistant strains were found in 1.1% cases.
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