The effects of Sambucus nigra polyphenols on oxidative stress and metabolic disorders in experimental diabetes mellitus

Abstract

The paper focuses on certain natural polyphenolic extracts from common elder fruit (Sambucus nigra), and also on their effects in diabetes mellitus. The results reveal that the glycosylated hemoglobin values are much higher in the diabetic group and they are significantly lower in the group protected by polyphenols. The natural polyphenol compounds reduce the lipids peroxides, neutralize the lipid peroxil radicals and inhibit the LDL oxidation. Following the perturbation of the lipid metabolism in the diabetic rats, atherogen risk has significantly increased values in comparison to the rats from the witness groups. It is found that due to the polyphenolic protection of the rats from the diabetic group treated with polyphenols, the atherogen risk is preserved at normal limits. The serum activity of glutathione-peroxidase and superoxide-dismutase has significantly lower values in the diabetic group as compared to the group protected by polyphenols. Through the hypoglycemiant, hypolipemiant and antioxidant effects,Sambucus nigra represents a possible dietary adjunct for the treatment of diabetes and a potential source for the discovery of new orally active agent(s) for future diabetes therapy. Understanding the mechanism through which the natural polyphenols have effects on the functionality of the endothelium cells, including on the membrane sensitivity and intracellular signalling, could represent a new way of therapeutically approaching chronic metabolic diseases and cardiovascular illnesses.

Quantification of Anthocyanins in Elderberry and Chokeberry Dietary Supplements

“…Animal studies support the observed clinical results (Chrubasik et al ., ; Kim et al ., ) including the blood pressure lowering effect (Ciocoiu et al ., 2013). Elderberry has not yet been studied in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome, but studies in experimental diabetes (Ciocoiu et al ., ; Badescu et al ., ) and experimental hyperlipidaemia (Dubey et al ., ) indicate that elderberry preparations may also be an option for treating such patients.…”

Antidiabetic and antihypertensive effect of a polyphenol‐rich fraction of Thymelaea hirsuta L. in a model of neonatal streptozotocin‐diabetic and NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester‐hypertensive rats

“…Polyphenols form a wide group of natural antioxidants present in a large number of foods and beverages. They participate in the prevention of several major chronic diseases, such as diabetes, 22 cardiovascular diseases cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and osteoporosis 23 …”

Mitochondria and Antioxidants: The Active Players in Islet Oxidative Stress

“…Administration of polyphenols to diabetic animals resulted in a lower level of markers of oxidative stress as judged by lower levels of products of lipid peroxidation in pancreatic homogenates (Coskun et al 2005), kidneys (Lee, Wang, et al 2009) and blood plasma (Ciocoiu et al 2009;Hininger-Favier et al 2009) of STZ-rats. This may be a result of direct antioxidant activity of polyphenols, as well as a result of their ability to upregulate expression of antioxidant-defense enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) superoxide dismutase and catalase activities (Ciocoiu et al 2009;Lee, Wang, et al 2009;Dixit and Kar 2010).…”

“…In animal models of both T1D and T2D, polyphenols of different origin were reported to lower blood glucose levels (Al-Awwadi et al 2004;Su, Hung, and Chen 2006;Ciocoiu et al 2009;Dixit and Kar 2010;Ong et al 2011). The hypoglycemic effect can be caused by multiple mechanisms.…”

“…This may be a result of direct antioxidant activity of polyphenols, as well as a result of their ability to upregulate expression of antioxidant-defense enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) superoxide dismutase and catalase activities (Ciocoiu et al 2009;Lee, Wang, et al 2009;Dixit and Kar 2010). It is well known that oxidative stress plays a substantial role in the destruction of beta-cells by infiltrated self macrophages and lymphocytes.…”