Aims To address the effect of a diet enriched in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on maternal metabolic parameters and placental proinflammatory markers in Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients. Methods Pregnant women at 24‐28 weeks of gestation were enrolled: 33 GDM patients which were randomly assigned or not to the EVOO‐enriched group and 17 healthy controls. Metabolic parameters were determined. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) γ and PPARα protein expression, expression of microRNA (miR)‐130a and miR‐518d (which respectively target these PPAR isoforms) and levels of proinflammatory markers were evaluated in term placentas. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity was evaluated in term placentas and umbilical cord blood. Results GDM patients that received the EVOO‐enriched diet showed reduced pregnancy weight gain (GDM‐EVOO:10.3 ± 0.9, GDM:14.2 ± 1.4, P = .03) and reduced triglyceridemia (GDM‐EVOO:231 ± 14, GDM:292 ± 21, P = .02) compared to the non‐EVOO‐enriched GDM group. In GDM placentas, the EVOO‐enriched diet did not regulate PPARγ protein expression or miR‐130a expression, but prevented the reduced PPARα protein expression (P = .02 vs GDM) and the increased miR‐518d expression (P = .009 vs GDM). Increased proinflammatory markers (interleukin‐1β, tumour necrosis factor‐α and nitric oxide overproduction) in GDM placentas were prevented by the EVOO‐enriched diet (respectively P = .001, P = .001 and P = .01 vs GDM). MMPs overactivity was prevented in placenta and umbilical cord blood in the EVOO‐enriched GDM group (MMP‐9: respectively P = .01 and P = .001 vs GDM). Conclusions A diet enriched in EVOO in GDM patients reduced maternal triglyceridemia and weight gain and has antiinflammatory properties in placenta and umbilical cord blood, possibly mediated by the regulation of PPAR pathways.

Diets enriched with olive oil attenuate placental dysfunction and fetal overgrowth in rats with GDM induced by intrauterine programming.

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Background: Previous studies suggest that maternal diets enriched in unsaturated fatty acids may have a positive effect on pregnancy success. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether increased dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) or monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) during the periconception period has beneficial effects on the achievement of pregnancy in women.Methods: The electronic databases PubMed, Medline and Cochrane Central Register, as well as references in related review articles, were searched to find studies assessing the effects of unsaturated fatty acid dietary intake during the periconception period on the achievement of pregnancy in women. Pregnancy was confirmed by high levels of hCG (biochemical means) and ultrasound confirmation of a gestational sac and heartbeat (clinical means).Results: For the meta-analysis evaluating the effects of periconceptional diets enriched in PUFAs on pregnancy, four articles, providing data on 2,121 patients, were included. Results showed that periconceptional intake of PUFAs has no significant effects on achieving pregnancy compared to controls, according to both the fixed effects and random effects models (RR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.00). Further secondary analysis considering ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs separately showed no significant effects on achieving pregnancy compared to controls. On the other hand, for the meta-analysis evaluating the effects of periconceptional diets enriched in MUFAs on achieving pregnancy, five articles, providing data on 2,473 patients, were included. Results showed that periconceptional dietary intake of MUFAs has significant effects on achieving pregnancy compared to controls according to the fixed effects model (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06, p < 0.02) but not to the random effects model, due to heterogeneity. A secondary meta-analysis excluding one study which led to heterogeneity showed significant effects of MUFAs on achieving pregnancy compared to controls, according to both the fixed effects and random effects models (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, p < 0.02).Conclusion: The meta-analysis of published clinical studies suggests that diets enriched in MUFAs, although not those enriched in PUFAs, may have a positive effect on pregnancy success as determined by HCG and ultrasonography.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021239355, identifier: CRD42021239355.

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