Diet Enriched with Olive Oil Attenuates Placental Dysfunction in Rats with Gestational Diabetes Induced by Intrauterine Programming

Abstract

Diets enriched with olive oil attenuate placental dysfunction and fetal overgrowth in rats with GDM induced by intrauterine programming.

An extra virgin olive oil‐enriched diet improves maternal, placental, and cord blood parameters in GDM pregnancies

“…In this study, we focused in the placenta and the putative changes in PPARs expression. Similar to that previously found in a rat model of GDM, 11 we here found that the maternal EVOO‐enriched diet did not prevent the reduced PPARγ levels, but induced anti‐inflammatory effects in the placenta. Indeed, PPAR ligands are provided by the EVOO‐enriched diet, and thus, even without changing PPARγ levels, the activity of this nuclear receptor may be increased, in turn leading to the observed anti‐inflammatory effects 37 .…”

“…Our previous studies performed in experimental models of diabetes and pregnancy have shown that a maternal EVOO dietary treatment regulates PPAR pathways and reduces proinflammatory markers in rat embryos, foetuses, placentas and in the offspring's heart 6,11‐13,15 . The dose of olive oil that shows these beneficial effects in animal models of diabetes and pregnancy provides half of the lipid‐derived calories (5% in an 11% lipid content diet).…”

“…PPARs are nutrigenomic agents, being monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs, the main components of olive oil), PPARs endogenous ligands 9,10 . In experimental models of diabetes and pregnancy, our previous studies have shown that diets enriched in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) lead to antiinflammatory effects, as shown by the ability of these diets to prevent increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide overproduction, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) overexpression in placentas, embryos and different foetal organs 11‐16 . Studies have also shown that although maternal EVOO‐dietary treatments do not prevent programming of metabolic diseases in the offspring of diabetic animals, this treatment reduces the levels of proinflammatory markers in the offspring's heart and prevents hypertriglyceridemia in the adult offspring of diabetic rats 11,16 …”

Anti‐Diabetic, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Anti‐Oxidant Effects of Naringenin in an In Vitro Human Model and an In Vivo Murine Model of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

“…Several polyphenols have been found to exhibit anti‐inflammatory, anti‐obesity, and anti‐diabetic properties; however, there is limited research investigating the impact of polyphenols on GDM. Interestingly, one study showed promising results where supplementing pregnant GDM rats with olive oil, an abundant resource of polyphenols, improved placental dysfunction, however, did not prevent the development of GDM . While the contribution of polyphenols to these effects is unknown, their potential protective effects against GDM warrant investigation.…”

“…Interestingly, one study showed promising results where supplementing pregnant GDM rats with olive oil, an abundant resource of polyphenols, improved placental dysfunction, however, did not prevent the development of GDM. [25] While the contribution of polyphenols to these effects is unknown, their potential protective effects against GDM warrant investigation.…”