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Piquiá (Caryocar villosum-Caryocaraceae) is a native fruit from the Amazon region rich in bioactive substances. Fruit pulp extracts were analyzed by HPLC, together with extracts obtained from fruit pulp industry residual parts, byproducts such as husks (shells) and seeds. Extracts were prepared with two ethanolic solvent systems. Phenolic substances ellagic and gallic acids were detected with standards and quantified by HPLC. Cytotoxic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro were also evaluated. Shell extracts showed free radicals scavenger capacity in ABTS (IC 50 : 3.93 ± 0.12 µg mL-1) and DPPH models (IC 50 : 7.81 ± 0.34 µg mL-1), low cytotoxicity in human fibroblasts, but high at tumor strains, and also a high anti-inflammatory potential observed by the inhibition of nitric oxide production. At low concentrations (20 µg mL-1), excellent antioxidant activities were verified in cellular assays, with percentages of 70.69 ± 2.77%, 79.89 ± 6.50% and 79.48 ± 8.6% for shell, pulp and seed extracts, respectively. With this set of results, C. villosum fruit extracts become a high potential raw material to be used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

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RESUMO A proposta implantada teve como prospecção a utilização de subprodutos da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz., 1766) tais como a polpa e a fécula produzidas a partir de diferentes plantios para produção de um produto (cerveja pilsen) com a intenção de baratear o custo da cerveja no mercado amazonense, pois o cultivo da mandioca é uma das principais atividades econômica do estado. Foram desenvolvidas 3 formulações da cerveja de mandioca, nas quais a mandioca foi submetida a diferentes concentrações de fósforo e potássio. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas, onde se obteve valores de umidade, lipídios, proteínas e carboidratos de 3 tratamentos da mandioca. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas das cervejas, onde se obteve valores de extrato real, acidez total, açúcares redutores totais, teor alcoólico, densidade, turbidez, pH, sólidos solúveis, °Brix e cor de 4 tratamentos de cerveja de mandioca. Os resultados da análise sensorial das cervejas de mandioca do tipo pilsen produzidas a partir de diferentes adubações da mandioca foram: aparência, cor, textura e sabor. O emprego de mandioca como adjunto foi uma alternativa viável para a diminuição de custos na preparação desde que não se ultrapasse a quantidade máxima estabelecida pela legislação brasileira que é aproximadamente 40% de adjunto. Palavras-chave: Manihot esculenta; influência do solo; cerveja artesanal.

Bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart) is a species from the Clusiaceae genus. Its fruit pulp is commonly used in South America in several food products, such as beverages, ice cream and candies. Only the pulp of the fruit is used, and the peels and seeds are considered waste from these industries. As a trioxygenated xanthone source, this species is of high interest for bioproduct development. This work evaluated the mesocarp and epicarp of bacuri fruits through different extraction methods and experimental conditions (pH, temperature and solvent) in order to determine the most effective method for converting this agro-industrial waste in a value-added bioproduct. Open-column procedures and HPLC and NMR experiments were performed to evaluate the chemical composition of the extracts, along with total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activities (sequestration of the DPPH and ABTS radicals). A factorial design and response surface methodology were used. The best extraction conditions of substances with antioxidant properties were maceration at 50 °C with 100% ethanol as solvent for mesocarp extracts, and acidic sonication in 100% ethanol for epicarp extracts, with an excellent phenolic profile and antioxidant capacities. The main compounds isolated were the prenylated benzophenones garcinielliptone FC (epicarp) and 30-epi-cambogin (mesocarp). This is the first study analysing the performance of extraction methods within bacuri agro-industrial waste. Results demonstrated that shells and seeds of bacuri can be used as phenolic-rich bioproducts obtained by a simple extraction method, increasing the value chain of this fruit.

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This country profile for Brazil has been developed with the input from in-country academic experts, including Dr. Roberto Luís de Melo Monte-Mór (Federal University of Minas Gerais), Dr. Jakob Sparn, Dr. Olinda Canhoto (Centro de Biotecnologia Amazônia) and Dr. Carlos Lamarão (Federal University of Amazonas), in the context of the BEIS COP26 Futures We Want project. It provides a review of the available evidence on the risks, solutions and opportunities for Brazil and Brazilian society to contribute towards a global transition to a net zero future that is inclusive, resilient and desirable by all.

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