Objective: to compare the time for performance of dry and traditional bed bathing and its effects on transcutaneous arterial oxygen saturation and respiratory rates in critical adult patients. Method: pilot study of a randomized, open, crossover clinical trial, performed with 15 adult critically ill patients. Each patient received a dry and a traditional bed bath. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used, adopting p-value ≤ 0.05. Results: most patients were male (73.3%), white (66.7%), with a mean age of 69.7 years. The dry bath was faster (20.0 minutes) than the traditional bath (30.0 minutes) (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the patients’ saturation means between baths (p=0.381), with 94.7% for the dry bath and 95.2% for the traditional bath. During the traditional bath, the patients’ respiratory rate mean was higher (24.2 incursions per minute) and statistically different (p<0.001) from the value obtained for the dry bath (20.5 incursions per minute). Conclusion: the dry bath had a shorter duration than did the traditional bath, resulting in less patient exposure. The traditional bed bath had a negative effect on patients’ respiratory rate, increasing it. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC): RBR-5qwkqd
RESUMO Objetivos: identificar a incidência de lesão por pressão em pacientes críticos e os fatores associados à sua ocorrência. Métodos: estudo de coorte retrospectiva, baseando-se na análise dos prontuários de 369 pacientes críticos. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial, com regressão logística. Resultados: a incidência de lesão por pressão foi de 11,4%. Pacientes com internação por mais de quatro dias (OR 2,99; IC95% 1,15-7,78), em uso de cateter nasoentérico (OR: 3,81; IC95%: 1,4010,38), cateter vesical de demora (OR: 4,78; IC95%: 1,31-17,38) e traqueostomia (OR: 3,64; IC95%: 1,48-8,97) apresentaram maior chance de desenvolver lesão por pressão. A pontuação média da escala de Braden entre os pacientes que desenvolveram (14,2 pontos) ou não (12,3 pontos) lesão por pressão foi estatisticamente diferente (p<0,001). Conclusões: a incidência de lesão por pressão esteve associada ao maior tempo de permanência na unidade, utilização de cateter nasoentérico, cateter vesical de demora e traqueostomia.
Objetivo: Identificar la carga de trabajo de enfermería requerida por pacientes adultos durante su estadía en una UCI y en relación con el desenlace clínico.Métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo realizado con 53 pacientes hospitalizados en una UCI de adultos entre julio y septiembre de 2018. Se utilizó el Nursing Activities Score (NAS) para la recopilación de datos. Se emplearon estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales para comparar los promedios. Se consideró el valor de p<0,05 como significativo. Este estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación (Opinión 2.014.344). Resultados: Hubo un predominio de pacientes del género femenino (28-52,83%), con edades comprendidas entre 17 y 96 años, procedentes del servicio de urgencia/emergencia (34-65,38%), debido a enfermedades del sistema circulatorio (18-33,96%). La severidad promedio por el SAPS 3 fue de 52,32 puntos y la estimación de mortalidad fue de 25,34%. La duración de la estancia hospitalaria osciló entre 2 y 38 días y prevaleció el alta de los pacientes (39-73,58%). El promedio de NAS fue de 57,41%, equivalente a 13,78 horas de atención de enfermería, durante un período de 24 horas. La carga de trabajo de enfermería promedio al momento de la entrada fue mayor que el promedio medido al momento del desenlace clínico (p<0,001). Los pacientes que progresaron a la muerte durante la hospitalización tuvieron un puntaje NAS promedio más alto que el de los pacientes que sobrevivieron (p=0,022).Conclusiones: La carga de trabajo de enfermería osciló durante el período de estancia hospitalaria, siendo mayor el primer día de hospitalización y en la atención de pacientes con un pronóstico reservado (muerte). Objective: To identify the nursing workload required by adult patients during hospitalization in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and in relation to the clinical outcome.Methods: Prospective cohort with 53 patients admitted to an adult ICU between July and September 2018. The Nursing Activities Score (NAS) was used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to compare means. The value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (Opinion 2,014,344).Results: There was a predominance of female patients (28 - 52.83%), aged between 17 and 96 years, from the urgency/emergency service (34 - 65.38%), and admitted due to diseases of the circulatory system (18 - 33.96%). The severity of patients according to the SAPS 3 score was 52.32 points and the estimated mortality was of 25.34%. The length of hospital stay ranged from 2 to 38 days and discharge prevailed among the outcomes (39 - 73.58%). The average NAS was 57.41%, equivalent to 13.78 hours of nursing care in a 24-hour period. The average nursing workload at admission was higher than the average measured at the time of clinical outcome (p < 0.001). Patients who died during hospitalization had an average NAS higher than that of patients who survived (p = 0.022).Conclusions: The nursing workload varied over the hospitalization period, being greater on the first day of hospitalization and in the care of patients with a poor prognosis (death).
Conflitos de interesse: nada a declarar. ResumoObjetivo: Comparar o tempo de execução do banho no leito pelo método tradicional e a seco e seus efeitos sobre as alterações oxi-hemodinâmicas em pacientes críticos.Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado crossover, aberto, com 50 pacientes submetidos aos dois tipos de banho no leito: tradicional e a seco. Avaliou-se o tempo de execução dos banhos e as variáveis oxi-hemodinâmicas (temperatura timpânica e axilar, saturação de oxigênio arterial, frequência respiratória, frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial média), obtidas no início dos banhos, aos dez minutos, no início e no fim da lateralização dos pacientes, ao final do procedimento e 15 minutos depois. Para análise utilizou-se Teste T de Student pareado e modelo de equações de estimação generalizadas.Resultados: O banho no leito a seco foi executado em menor tempo que o tradicional (18,59 versus 26,45 minutos; p<0,001). No banho tradicional, ao longo do tempo, houve redução da temperatura axilar e elevação da frequência respiratória (p<0,001). No banho a seco, apenas a temperatura axilar sofreu alteração, tornando-se menor que o valor inicial (p<0,001).Conclusão: O banho a seco foi superior ao tradicional em decorrência do menor tempo de execução e menor instabilidade oxi-hemodinâmica dos pacientes entre os períodos observados. A monitorização dos pacientes é fundamental para identificar tais alterações.
Objectives: to compare tympanic and axillary body temperature values of critical patients before and after the traditional and dry bed bath. Methods: this is a randomized, open crossover clinical trial conducted with 50 adult critical patients. All patients received both types of bed bathing. The tympanic and axillary temperature values were measured at the beginning and end of the baths. The Wilcoxon test or paired Student’s t test was used. Results: elderly and male patients predominated. There was no significant difference between tympanic temperature medians measured during the traditional bed bath (p=0.707) and dry bath (p=0.101). Axillary temperature means reduced at the end of the baths (p=0.001), being 36.12ºC in the traditional bath and 35.92ºC in dry bath. Conclusions: bed bath, regardless of the method used, caused a reduction in critical patients’ axillary temperature.
PURPOSE To evaluate the incidence and the prediction of unstable blood glucose level among critically ill patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit. METHODS A cohort study was conducted with 62 adult patients hospitalized at an intensive care unit of a hospital located in Minas Gerais, Brazil, between March and July of 2017. Patient's demographic information, along with scores for Simplified Acute Physiology Score III, primary medical diagnosis, discharge status, diagnosis of diabetes and/or sepsis, length of stay, glycemic variability, type of nutrition, types of medications and treatments, and oxygen therapy were collected daily. A daily venous blood sample was collected to measure blood glucose levels during the patient's hospitalization period. Bivariate analysis was used to explore the association among the potential diagnostic indicators and the outcome of unstable blood glucose levels. Multivariate Cox regression was used to identify the potential predictors for the outcome. FINDINGS Of the total of 62 participants, 45.1% (n=28) had unstable blood glucose level. Among the 28 patients with unstable blood glucose levels, half of them (n=14, 50%) had hypoglycemia and the other half had hyperglycemia (n=14, 50%). Decreased number of days hospitalized and the use of intensive glucose control with regular insulin were associated with decreased odds of developing hyperglycemia. The presence of mechanical ventilation was associated with a higher risk for the development of hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS This study provides knowledge and evidence of diagnostic indicators for unstable blood glucose levels that are not currently included in the NANDA‐International terminology for the nursing diagnosis Risk for unstable blood glucose level (00179). IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE This study identified important diagnostic indicators that nurses can observe during the assessment to identify patients that are at risk for developing unstable blood glucose level and provide the appropriate care.
Os fatores de risco relacionados ao diagnóstico de enfermagem "risco de glicemia instável" proposto pela NANDA-International dizem respeito aos pacientes diabéticos ou susceptíveis a desenvolver a doença não mencionando claramente os fatores associados em pacientes críticos não diabéticos. Objetivou-se identificar na literatura os fatores de risco associados í glicemia instável em pacientes críticos. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com busca nas bases de dados Cinahl, Pubmed e Lilacs com os descritores "hiperglicemia", "hipoglicemia", "fatores de risco" e "cuidados críticos" em português e inglês. Amostra de oito artigos. Os estudos foram publicados na língua inglesa, entre os anos de 2004 a 2012. Foram divididos em duas categorias: fatores de risco associados í hiperglicemia e os relacionados í hipoglicemia. Fatores de risco associados í hiperglicemia: diabetes, síndrome coronariana aguda, idade, HbA1c, dose de corticosteróide, dextrose endovenosa, carboidrato enteral, norepinefrina e nutrição parenteral; para hipoglicemia: protocolos de controle estrito da glicose, ventilação mecânica, tempo de internação, história de diabetes, sepse, insuficiência renal, medicamentos vasoativos, idade, baixo peso, maior pontuação do APACHE II e variabilidade glicêmica. Há carência na literatura de informações sobre alguns fatores de risco, o que mostra a necessidade de pesquisas relacionadas í assistência de enfermagem aos pacientes com glicemia instável.Palavras-chave: hiperglicemia, hipoglicemia, fatores de risco, cuidados críticos.
Objectives: to identify the incidence of pressure wound in critical patients and its associated factors. Methods: retrospective cohort study, based on the analysis of 369 critical patients’ records. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used, as well as logistic regression. Results: the incidence of pressure wounds was 11.4%. Patients who had been hospitalized for four days or more (OR 2.99; CI95% 1.15-7.78), used nasoenteric tubes (OR: 3.81; CI95%: 1.4010.38), vesical drainage catheters (OR: 4.78; CI95%: 1.31-17.38) and tracheostomy (OR: 3.64; CI95%: 1.48-8.97) had a higher chance of developing pressure wounds. The mean score of the Braden scale among participants who developed (14.2 points) pressure wounds was statistically different (p<0.001) than that of those who did not (12.3 points). Conclusions: the incidence of pressure wounds was associated with a higher time in the unit, the use of nasoenteric tubes, vesical drainage catheters, and tracheostomies were associated with a higher time of hospitalization in the unit.
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