ABSTRAKPembangunan industri dan urbanisasi selain dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan manusia, tetapi juga memberikan efek negatif kepada lingkungan yaitu menghasilkan limbah dalam jumlah yang sangat besar, dan hal ini akan menjadi masalah yang serius bila tidak tangani dengan segera. Penangangan limbah pun masih belum di lakukan dengan serius dan bertanggung jawab sehingga sering dilaporkan adanya lahan yang tercemar akan limbah khususnya limbah logam berat. Logam-logam berat merupakan unsur yang tidak biodegradable sehingga limbah-limbah yang mengandung logam berat bila tertumpah ke lingkungan sedikit demi sedikit akan terakumulasi pada tanah dan air, bila ketersediaanya meningkat akan di serap oleh tanaman dan akan memberikan efek negative kepada kehidupan manusia. Banyak usaha yang telah dilakukan dalam menangani pencemaran logam berat ini dan pemberian biochar merupakan solusi yang sangat menjanjikan, karena biochar memiliki potensi dengan luas permukaan yang besar, morfologi yang sangat porous serta gugus fungsionalnya yang berpotensi untuk mengurangi bioavailabilitas dan pelindian logam berat melalui adsorpsi dan reaksi fisikokimia lainnya dan juga dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah dengan perbaikan sifat sifat tanah. Biochar merupakan bahan basa yang dapat meningkatkan pH tanah dan berkontribusi terhadap stabilisasi logam berat. Aplikasi biochar untuk perbaikan dari tanah yang tercemar logam berat dapat memberikan solusi baru untuk masalah polusi tanah. Tulisan ini memberikan gambaran tentang pemanfaatan biochar dalam mengurangi mobilitas dan bioavailibiltas logam berat pada tanah tercemar Kata kunci: biochar, remediasi, logam berat, soil contaminated PENDAHULUAN Pencemaran lingkungan merupakan isu yang paling menonjol saat ini, seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah pabrik pabrik yang bertujuan memenuhi kebutuhan penduduk yang semakin hari terus bertambah. Pabrik-pabrik tersebut menghasilkan limbah yang cukup besar, dan bila tidak di kelola dengan baik dan bertanggung akan memberikan efek negatif kepada lingkungan (Zhang et al. 2013). Menurut undang-undang lingkungan no.4 tahun 1982 pencemaran adalah masuknya atau di masukkannya makhluk hidup, zat, energi dan/ atau komponen lain ke dalam lingkungan, dan/ atau berubahnya tatanan lingkungan oleh kegiatan manusia atau proses alam, sehingga kualitas lingkungan turun sampai ke tingkat tertentu yang menyebabkan lingkungan menjadi kurang atau tidak dapat berfungsi lagi sesuai dengan peruntukannya (UU Repulik Indonesia No.4 tahun 1982) Limbah yang dihasilkan oleh pabrik mengandung berbagai unsur yang berbahaya bagi bagi kehidupan manusia, salah satu diantaranya adalah logam berat. Logam berat secara alami sudah ada di dalam tanah dan tidak dapat teregradasi, dapat menetap di tanah dan badan air untuk waktu yang lama, sehingga akan terus meningkat dari waktu ke waktu (Govindasamy et.al 2011) Akumulasi logam yang ada pada tanah yang dapat mengakibatkan penurunan aktivitas mikroba tanah, kesuburan tanah, dan kualitas tanah secara keseluruhan, dan penurunan hasil dan mas...
Abstract. Sembiring M, Munawaroh H, Mukhlis, Hidayat B, Sabrina T. 2021. Soil macrofauna diversity in andisol after eight years of Mount Sinabung eruption in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3024-3030. The eruption of Mount Sinabung resulted in volcanic ash covering the soil of various thicknesses. That will affect the population and diversity of macrofauna in it. This research aimed to determine the Andisol soil macrofauna in Karo District with various thicknesses of volcanic ash covering from Mount Sinabung. This research was conducted in May 2019. Plots were placed in four locations, Location I: processed land (0 cm), Location II: Land covered by thin ash (?2 cm), Location III: Land covered by medium ash (2-5 cm), Location IV: Land covered by thick ash (?5 cm). Sampling was conducted by using the Pitfall trap, Monolith squared, and Hand sorting methods. The research results indicated that the thicker the volcanic ash covering the soil surface, it would reduce soil moisture, soil water content, organic C, and soil pH, but on the other hand, increase the soil temperature. A total of 20 species were able to live on the Andisols affected by the eruption of Mount Sinabung.
Effects of Composting on Growth and Uptake of Plant Nutrients and Soil Chemical Properties After Composting with Various Comparison of POME aims to find out the provision of compost with various comparisons of POME in improving soil chemical properties and to know the treatment of compost types with various comparisons of POME to Plant NutrientGrowth and Uptake research this will be carried out in the Research will be carried out in the Bangun Bandar PT. Socfindo, Serdang Bedagai district, Dolok Masihul sub-district with a height of ± 25 m above sea level. The research will be carried out in January -August 2018. As for the method used The mixture of soil and compost samples that have been incubated for 1 month is taken from each sample as much as 1 kg and analyzed the nutrients in the laboratory by the wet decstructive method pH H2O 1: 2.5 , N-Total (Kjeldahl destilation), C-Organic (Walky and Black titration), P-Bray II (spectrophometer) and CEC (Ammonium acetate pH 7).
The aim of this research is to observe the impact of various thicknesses of volcanic ash and different vegetation on microorganism populations in Andisol affected by the eruption of Mt. Sinabung in NamanTeran Sub-district, Karo district, which was affected by the eruption of Mt. Sinabung after 5 years of eruption which is distinguished by several ash thicknesses, namely: A0: 0cm (already processed), A1: <2 cm (thin), A2:> 2-5 cm (moderate), A3:> 5 cm (thick) with annual plant vegetation and grass vegetation. Soil sampling was using the survey method. Calculation of total soil microorganisms was done by the Total Plate Count method. The results indicated that the higher the pH, C-organic, humidity and temperature, the more microorganism population, also different thickness of ash and vegetation affected the number of microorganism population.
Coffee plants need phosphorus nutrients for growth and fertilization in high quantities. Andisol has a very low availability of P. Efforts that can be made to increase the availability of P are by utilizing phosphate solvent microbes and coffee skin compost. The purpose of this study was to obtain the right type of microbial phosphate solvent and organic coffee skin ingredients in increasing the availability and growth of coffee plants in Andisol affected by the eruption of Mt. Sinabung. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 3 replications. Factor I: (Microbial Phosphate Solvents) M0 = Without application, M1 = Burkholderia cepacia, M2 = Talaromyces pinophilus, M3 = Burkholderia cepacia + Talaromyces pinophilus. Factor II Organic ingredients of coffee skin compost are K0 = without organic matter, K1 = 75 g, K2 = 150 g, K3 = 225 g. The results of the study showed that B.cepacia + T.Pinophilus + Mycorrhiza (M4) treatment can increase nutrient uptake of N, P and K of plants up to 12.3%, can increase plant uptake of P up to 18.84%, increase uptake of plant K up to 19.53%. The treatment of 225g of coffee husk compost (K3) can increase plant N nutrient uptake by 7.65%, plant P uptake to 26.11% and plant K uptake up to 14.12%. M4K3 application can increase N uptake up to 53.28%, P uptake up to 98.56% and increase K uptake of plants up to 56.45%. in general the best treatment is M4K3.
Organic materials in situ remaining paddy crops in paddy fields are much abandoned by farmers. Most of the remaining harvested are burned, stacked in the cultivated, or used for animal feed or as a fungus. Straw compost is source of Potassium (K) and Silica (Si). About 80% of K absorbed by plants is in the straw. The return of straw to the soil may slow the impoverishment of Potassium (K) in the soil. This study aims to find out how the availability of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrients by giving organic matter as soil fertility status in paddy fields in Beringin Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency and to review management alternatives that are in accordance with the soil fertility status in the Central Land Rice fields in Beringin Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency. This research was carried out in the Central Rice Field in Beringin Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency ± 11 meters above sea level. The taking of soil samples was taken in the upper layer at the top soil depth of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and the coordinates were recorded using GPS (Global Positioning System). While information on land management is obtained by direct observation in the field and in-depth interviews with farmers in snow ball which aims to obtain complete information from farmers. Soil samples that have been taken in the field are then analyzed in the laboratory. Soil chemical properties analyzed in laboratory soil chemical properties analyzed at P2O5 Bray II (ppm) laboratory K2O Hcl 25% (mg / 100g). To determine the chemical properties of soil with certain criteria that have been determined. Based on Technical Guidelines for Evaluation of Soil Fertility The direction of management of soil fertility needs to be added to organic matter and phosphorus fertilization regularly so that soil fertility can be sustainable. Further research is needed in order to find out the addition of phosphorus fertilizer and organic matter in each unit of land.
Biochar is a negatively charged recalcitrant carbon that has the potential to adsorb heavy metals. This research aim was to identify the best type of biomass with a simple combustion process (Kiln) in producing carbon, base cations, organic acids, the highest surface area and pores with more porous morphology. The type of biomass used was paddy straw, rice husk, coconut fiber, oil palm empty fruit bunch. Instrument to observe the morphology, carbon content and a number of Biochar bases using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-EDAX), to observe the surface and pores (m2 / g) using Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET), and to observe functional groups type using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The research results showed that coconut fiber biomass had the highest surface area of 23.9145 m2 / g but rice husk had a larger pore volume and pore size of 0.026962 m3 / g and 63.6994 4V / A respectively. The highest percentage of carbon was found in rice husk biochar by 77.18% with an atomic percentage of 86.43%. The functional group was dominated by Phenolic (OH), Carboxyl, Ether and Esters groups with a frequency of 1050-1300 and the highest frequency was in Rice Husk Biochar. Cation in biochar was dominated by K+ with the highest percentage of rice husk by 2.75%, Na+ was also found in rice husk by 1.07%, while Mg2+ was in Biochar of oil palm bunches by 0.63%. Porous morphology was seen in rice husks with ˃ 1000 magnification, so rice husk biochar has the best potential as heavy metals adsorption. Contribution/ Originality:This study is one of very few studies which have investigated utilization straw, husk, coconut fiber and palm empty bunch as biochar, potential was showed by morphology, surface are, pore size and functional group.Recently the abundant use of organic biomass has been converted into biochar, and has given hope for a reduction in carbon emissions. In addition, biochar which is rich in negative carbon provides a strong ability to adsorb metal such as Cu, Cd, Pb on the soil thereby reducing pollution [2].
Phosphorus is one of the macro nutrients that are needed by plants. The research aims to determine availability of phosphorus nutrients due to application of rice husk biochar and cow manure on the Inceptisol Kwala Bekala conducted in the green house. This research used a factorial randomized block design (RAK) with two factors and three replications. The first factor, rice husk biochar with four levels; 0 g/pot, 25 g/pot, 50 g/pot and 75 g/pot. The second factor is cow manure with four levels; 0 g/pot, 25 g/pot, 50 g/pot and 75 g/pot. The result showed that application of rice husk biochar of 50 g/pot increased phosphorus nutrient availability by 10,95 ppm, the application of cow manure 50 g/pot increased phosphorus nutrient availability by 14,25 ppm and interaction of rice husk biochar 50 g/pot and cow manure 50 g/pot able to increased phosphorus nutrient availability by 11,01 ppm.
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