Oil palms (Elaeis guineensis) are generally able to grow economically and feasibly on various soil types, mostly in tropical countries. However, oil palms planted on acid sulfate soils were producing lesser Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) as compared to those on non-acid sulfate soils. The poor performance of oil palms planted on acid sulfate was mainly attributed to the presence of excess sulfates, which limits the FFB yields and vegetative growth.1 Generally, acid sulfate soils have significant amounts of free and absorbed sulfate. Jarosite generally occurs as pale yellow mottles along old root channels and on ped faces in acid sulfate soils. pH in these horizon is less than 4.0.2,3 These soils often are also high in Aluminium (Al), Al saturation and often with phosphorus (P) fixation capacity. These acid sulfate soils are known for having poor values for organic matter, bases, cation exchange capacity, water retention, water holding capacity and microbial activity, which contributes towards their low soil fertility and hence limitations in soil productivity. Of these limitations, Al toxicity and excess sulfates are two major constraints to FFB yields in oil palms. The important relationship of soil and water for managing a sustainable productivity of oil palms on acid sulfate soil are discussed in details in this paper.
Abstract. Sembiring M, Munawaroh H, Mukhlis, Hidayat B, Sabrina T. 2021. Soil macrofauna diversity in andisol after eight years of Mount Sinabung eruption in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3024-3030. The eruption of Mount Sinabung resulted in volcanic ash covering the soil of various thicknesses. That will affect the population and diversity of macrofauna in it. This research aimed to determine the Andisol soil macrofauna in Karo District with various thicknesses of volcanic ash covering from Mount Sinabung. This research was conducted in May 2019. Plots were placed in four locations, Location I: processed land (0 cm), Location II: Land covered by thin ash (?2 cm), Location III: Land covered by medium ash (2-5 cm), Location IV: Land covered by thick ash (?5 cm). Sampling was conducted by using the Pitfall trap, Monolith squared, and Hand sorting methods. The research results indicated that the thicker the volcanic ash covering the soil surface, it would reduce soil moisture, soil water content, organic C, and soil pH, but on the other hand, increase the soil temperature. A total of 20 species were able to live on the Andisols affected by the eruption of Mount Sinabung.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the application of microorganisms of phosphate providers and organic matters for the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings in Bener Meriah Regency.
Design/methodology/approach
The experiments were performed inside the screen house using a random design of factorial group with six repetitions. The experimental treatments consisted of two factors. Factor I is the application of microorganisms of phosphate providers. Factor II is the application of organic matters (T. diversifolia and the coffee bean skins). The parameters observed were as follows: enhancement of plant height was observed every 30 days for 270 days, and a number of primary branch and dry weight of roots were observed 270 days after planting (DAP). The data obtained were analyzed by analyzing the variance at 5 per cent level; if the treatment had an effect, then the treatment was continued to Duncan’s multiple range test at 5 per cent.
Findings
The application of microorganisms of phosphate provider increases the height improvement, the number of primary branches and the dry weight of roots of Arabica coffee seedlings. The application of Listeria sp. microorganisms of phosphate provider gives the highest yield on the height increase, the number of primary branches and the dry weight of roots of Arabica coffee seedlings. The application of organic matters of coffee beans skin gives higher yield than Tithonia diversifolia in height and dry weight of roots of Arabica coffee seedlings. The interaction between the application of microorganisms of phosphate provider and organic matters increases the dry weight of roots of Arabica coffee seedlings. The interaction of Listeria sp.-skin of coffee beans gives the highest yield on dry weight of roots of Arabica coffee seedlings.
Originality/value
Several other studies have demonstrated that the application of microorganisms of phosphate providers using phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Fitriatin et al., 2014; Sembiring et al., 2017) and mycorrhizal use (Hart and Trevors, 2005; Rouphael et al., 2015) increased the growth and yield plant. No previous study comprehensively studied the application of microorganisms of phosphate providers and organic matters to improve the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings in Andisol in Bener Meriah Regency.
Coffee plants need phosphorus nutrients for growth and fertilization in high quantities. Andisol has a very low availability of P. Efforts that can be made to increase the availability of P are by utilizing phosphate solvent microbes and coffee skin compost. The purpose of this study was to obtain the right type of microbial phosphate solvent and organic coffee skin ingredients in increasing the availability and growth of coffee plants in Andisol affected by the eruption of Mt. Sinabung. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 3 replications. Factor I: (Microbial Phosphate Solvents) M0 = Without application, M1 = Burkholderia cepacia, M2 = Talaromyces pinophilus, M3 = Burkholderia cepacia + Talaromyces pinophilus. Factor II Organic ingredients of coffee skin compost are K0 = without organic matter, K1 = 75 g, K2 = 150 g, K3 = 225 g. The results of the study showed that B.cepacia + T.Pinophilus + Mycorrhiza (M4) treatment can increase nutrient uptake of N, P and K of plants up to 12.3%, can increase plant uptake of P up to 18.84%, increase uptake of plant K up to 19.53%. The treatment of 225g of coffee husk compost (K3) can increase plant N nutrient uptake by 7.65%, plant P uptake to 26.11% and plant K uptake up to 14.12%. M4K3 application can increase N uptake up to 53.28%, P uptake up to 98.56% and increase K uptake of plants up to 56.45%. in general the best treatment is M4K3.
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