The objective of this study was to determine the properties of biochar from meranti (Shorea sp.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). Biochar was produced using a traditional kiln with a temperature of 400°C and 600°C. The char yield, pH, and proximate analysis were evaluated. The results showed that the maximum char yield was obtained at 400°C, and the increase in temperature resulted in decreased char yield. At the same pyrolysis temperature, char yield was higher in meranti than OPEFB. The results revealed that the pH of meranti and OPEFB changed into basic after pyrolysis, which is essential when biochar is added to soil to neutralize soil acidity and increase the soil cation exchange capacity. The results also showed an increase of fixed carbon in meranti and OPEFB after pyrolysis at 400°C and 600°C. The higher heating values (HHV) in meranti and OPEFB increased after pyrolysis, with a remarkable increase of HHV observed in meranti than OPEFB, showing a higher potential of biochar from meranti to be used for bioenergy application than OPEFB.
The objective of the study was to examine the effect of biochar addition on the growth of Paraserianthes falcataria seedlings. Biochar from shorea was produced using a traditional kiln at 400 °C and 600 °C. The scarification of P. falcataria seeds were conducted using hot water with temperature at 80 °C and then soaked for 24 h. The seeds were then spread on to the germination media and after germinated, the seedlings were moved to polybags contain soil and biochar. Two dosages of biochar such as 25 and 50% were applied and compared with control. The research was arranged in a completely randomized design with 15 replicates. The examination of seedlings growth was conducted one week after transplanting, then subsequently monitored every month. The results showed that the addition of biochar improved the survival rate of seedlings, height and diameter increments, root length and root volume. The results showed a potential of using biochar to improve the growth of P. falcataria seedlings in the nursery.
Respirasi tanah merupakan suatu proses yang terjadi di dalam tanah karena adanya kehidupan dan aktivitas dari mikroorganisme di dalam tanah yang dalam aktivitasnya membutuhkan O 2 dan mengeluarkan CO 2 . Respirasi tanah juga merupakan suatu indikator yang baik terhadap mutu tanah. Sistem olah tanah pada tanah yang diolah mampu meningkatkan respirasi tanah dibandingkan tanah yang tidak diolah (TOT) karena tanah yang diolah mempunyai aerasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan tanah yang tidak diolah (TOT) dan tanah yang diaplikasi kan mulsa bagas mampu meningkatkan respirasi tanah dibandingkan tanpa aplikasi mulsa bagas karena pemberian bahan organik akan meningkatkan aktivitas mikroorganisme, mikroorganisme menggunakan bahan organik sebagai sumber energinya.oleh karena itu perlakuan sistem olah tanah dan pemberian mulsa bagas akan mempengaruhi aktivitas mikroorganisme tanah yang dapat diukur dengan respirasi tanah. Penelitian dilaksanakanbulan September 2014 hingga Januari 2015. Penelitian ini dirancang secara split plot dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 kali ulangan. Petak utama yaitu sistem olah tanah yang terdiri dari dari tanpa olah tanah (T 0 ) dan olah tanah intensif (T 1 ). Anak petak adalah aplikasi mulsa bagas, yang terdiri dari tanpa mulsa bagas (M 0 ) dan mulsa bagas 80 t ha -1 (M 1 ). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam pada taraf 5%, yang sebelumnya telah diuji homogenitas ragamnya dengan uji Bartlett dan aditivitasnya dengan uji Tukey, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT pada taraf 1% dan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem olah tanah dan aplikasi mulsa bagas memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap respirasi tanah pada 0 BSP dan 3 BSP namun tidak ada interaksi antara pengolahan tanah dan aplikasi mulsa bagas. Hasil uji BNT 5% menunjukan respirasi pada tanah yang diolah lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanah yang tidak diolah dan tanah yang diaplikasikan mulsa lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa aplikasi mulsa. Rata-rata respirasi tanah tertinggi pada olah tanah pada pengamatan 0 BSP dan 3 BSP berturut-turut yaitu 41,92 mg jam -1 m -2 dan 45,62 mg jam -1 m -2 sedangkan yang terendah yaitu 36,46 mg jam -1 m -2 dan 40,55 mg jam -1 m -2 dan rata-rata respirasi tanah tertinggi yang diaplikasi mulsa pada pengamatan 0 BSP dan 3 BSP berturut-turut yaitu42,11 mg jam -1 m -2 dan 46,40 mg jam -1 m -2 dan respirasi tanah terendah yang tanpa aplikasi mulsa yaitu 36,26 mg jam -1 m -2 dan39,77 mg jam -1 m -2 . Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan tinggi rendahnya C-Organik tanah, pH tanah, kelembaban tanah dan suhu tanah tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap respirasi tanah.
The growth rate of Paraserianthes moluccana is effected by the planting medium quality. Biochar is a soil-improving agent that could improve soil quality. This study aimed to determine the effect of biochar made from meranti wood (Shorea spp.) by pyrolysis temperature at 400°C and 600°C and dose at 0 ton/ha, 25 ton/ha and 50 ton/ha factors through the growth rate of P. moluccana. The P. moluccana was planted within 2x2 m in the field. The size of planting holes was 100 x 60 cm, the biochar was placed at a depth of 100 cm to 20 cm, then it was covered with soil so that the root did not interact directly to the biochar. This research used 6 months old P. moluccana seedling, and was planted in field demplot for 8 months. The research used the Split Plot experimental design with 5 treatments and 7 repetitions. Data analysis used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significance Different (LSD). The effect of biochar could be seen since the 4th month of plantation. The results showed that biochar with a dose of 25 ton/ha and pyrolysis temperature of 600°C had a very significant effect on the increment of height and significant on diameter steam increment of P. moluccana; increased the rate of stem height 22.6% and stem diameter 23.6% faster than the control. Further research related to the dynamics of P. moluccana growth with a longer time is needed because the physical properties of biochar change over time.
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