Precocious 19th century soil carbon science

Minasny, Budiman; McBratney, Alex B.; Wadoux, Alexandre M.J.‐C.; Akoeb, Erwin Nyak; Sabrina, T.

doi:10.1016/j.geodrs.2020.e00306

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Biochar types were grouped into crop, grass, leaf, manure, sawdust, straw, wood and mixed depending on the types of materials used for biochar production. Articles that reported soil organic matter (SOM) content were converted to SOC by multiplying them by the van Bemmelen factor 1.72 (Minasny, McBratney, Wadoux, Akoeb, & Sabrina, 2020; Page, Miller, & Keeney, 1982). The rate of application was converted to tonnes per hectare (t ha −1 ) from percentage mass based on the application depth of 0.3 m and initial soil dry bulk density before biochar addition (soil mass), expressed in an equation as:

Soil mass = initial soil dry bulk density (Mg M^{- 3}) \times depth of application (m) .

Rate of application (normalt {ha}^{- 1}) = percentage application rate of biochar \times soil mass (normalt {ha}^{- 1}) .

The rate of application was also grouped into four groups: low (< 20 t ha −1 ), medium (20–50 t ha −1 ), high (50–100 t ha −1 ) and very high (>100 t ha −1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greater, but not necessarily better: The influence of biochar on soil hydraulic properties

Rabbi

Minasny

Salami

et al. 2021

European J Soil Science

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Biochar is recommended as a soil amendment for its positive influence on soil hydrological properties, which results in improved soil fertility and crop yield. Much research in the last decade has been conducted in field and laboratory conditions on the effect of biochar on the hydraulic properties of soil. However, reported results in the literature are substantially inconsistent. Here we performed a meta‐analysis to capture the variations in change in hydraulic properties of arable soils after application of different rates of biochar. The meta‐analysis revealed that high biochar rates (>50 t ha−1) compared to low rates (<20 t ha−1) significantly improved dry bulk density in sandy and clay soils, in field and laboratory experiments. However, field capacity only improved in laboratory experiments on sandy soils. The plant available water, permanent wilting point and saturated hydraulic conductivity did not significantly increase at high rates of biochar application compared to the low rates when applied to different types of soils in both field and laboratory experiments. We discuss possible reasons for this, including hydrophobicity of the biochar with future research directions. We concluded that the current evidence does not support the notion that the application of biochar improves soils' available water capacity. Highlights Meta‐analysis clarifies the influence of biochar on soil hydraulic properties. Biochar addition at higher rates only improves the water holding capacity of sandy soils. Biochar types and pyrolysis temperatures do not influence soil hydraulic properties. The efficiency of biochar may depend on its pore size distribution and hydrophobicity.

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Soil mass = initial soil dry bulk density (Mg M^{- 3}) \times depth of application (m) .

Rate of application (normalt {ha}^{- 1}) = percentage application rate of biochar \times soil mass (normalt {ha}^{- 1}) .

The rate of application was also grouped into four groups: low (< 20 t ha −1 ), medium (20–50 t ha −1 ), high (50–100 t ha −1 ) and very high (>100 t ha −1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greater, but not necessarily better: The influence of biochar on soil hydraulic properties

Rabbi

Minasny

Salami

et al. 2021

European J Soil Science

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“…Carbon Microbial Biomass number is the earlier indicator to inform the impact of changes in total soil organic matter, since microbes provide nutrients and decomposition agents to forming soil organic matter [18]. Microbes are agent of decomposition and mineralization of N. Increasing the availability of soil organic matter will increase the mineralization of N.…”

Section: C-microbial Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study on C-organic and C-microbial biomass of peatland in Toba highlands

Munawaroh

Rauf

Razali

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Toba highlands is unique and covers a large area. Peat plays an important role as a carbon sink, and is currently utilized for agricultural purposes, use as firewood, and left to degrade. The use of peatlands will impact the maturity of peat, and the emission of carbon dioxides and other gases caused by the decomposition process of microbes. A brief transformation of organic carbon from peat into carbon dioxide negatively impacts the environment, especially in increasing the greenhouse gas emissions. C-organic and C-microbial biomass was observed in peatlands of the Toba Highlands in Humbang Hasundutan, employing the Walkey and Black method, and fumigation and extraction methods to calculate the microbial population involved in the decomposition process or called C-microbial biomass. Moreover, descriptive method were used to map their distribution in the peat areas. The results showed that the highest C-organic was found in barren land at 22.05% and soil C-microbial biomass population was 3.24 µg g−1 soil, whereas the least C-Organic was found in peatland transferred to coffee fields, at 5.23% while the least C-microbial biomass was in peatland transferred to onion fields at 0.28 µg g−1 soil. There was a relatively small amount of organic matter and C-microbial biomass in paddy field, shallots, and grasses. Therefore, the results indicated that converting peatland into agricultural land would likely change the value of organic matter and C-biomass population.

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“…Based on German textural classes, soil texture is determined by the composition of the fractions sand, silt, and clay, which are also components of the eBod. As the eBod only contains organic carbon content, the fraction was transformed to soil organic matter content by the van Bemmelen factor of 1.724 [51].…”

Section: Din 19706mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Spatial Wind Erosion Patterns of Erosion Risk Mapping and Quantitative Modeling in Eastern Austria

Scheper

Weninger

Kitzler

et al. 2021

Land

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Various large-scale risk maps show that the eastern part of Austria, in particular the Pannonian Basin, is one of the regions in Europe most vulnerable to wind erosion. However, comprehensive assessments of the severity and the extent of wind erosion risk are still lacking for this region. This study aimed to prove the results of large-scale maps by developing high-resolution maps of wind erosion risk for the target area. For this, we applied a qualitative soil erosion assessment (DIN 19706) with lower data requirements and a more data-demanding revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) within a GIS application to evaluate the process of assessing wind erosion risk. Both models defined similar risk areas, although the assignment of severity classes differed. Most agricultural fields in the study area were classified as not at risk to wind erosion (DIN 19706), whereas the mean annual soil loss rate modeled by RWEQ was 3.7 t ha−1 yr−1. August was the month with the highest modeled soil loss (average of 0.49 t ha−1 month−1), due to a low percentage of vegetation cover and a relatively high weather factor combining wind speed and soil moisture effects. Based on the results, DIN 19706 is suitable for a general classification of wind erosion-prone areas, while RWEQ can derive additional information such as seasonal distribution and soil loss rates besides the spatial extents of wind erosion.

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Precocious 19th century soil carbon science

Cited by 33 publications

References 47 publications

Greater, but not necessarily better: The influence of biochar on soil hydraulic properties

Greater, but not necessarily better: The influence of biochar on soil hydraulic properties

Preliminary study on C-organic and C-microbial biomass of peatland in Toba highlands

Comparison of the Spatial Wind Erosion Patterns of Erosion Risk Mapping and Quantitative Modeling in Eastern Austria

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