Potential of Several Biomass as Biochar for Heavy Metal Adsorbent

Abstract

Biochar is a negatively charged recalcitrant carbon that has the potential to adsorb heavy metals. This research aim was to identify the best type of biomass with a simple combustion process (Kiln) in producing carbon, base cations, organic acids, the highest surface area and pores with more porous morphology. The type of biomass used was paddy straw, rice husk, coconut fiber, oil palm empty fruit bunch. Instrument to observe the morphology, carbon content and a number of Biochar bases using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-EDAX), to observe the surface and pores (m2 / g) using Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET), and to observe functional groups type using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The research results showed that coconut fiber biomass had the highest surface area of 23.9145 m2 / g but rice husk had a larger pore volume and pore size of 0.026962 m3 / g and 63.6994 4V / A respectively. The highest percentage of carbon was found in rice husk biochar by 77.18% with an atomic percentage of 86.43%. The functional group was dominated by Phenolic (OH), Carboxyl, Ether and Esters groups with a frequency of 1050-1300 and the highest frequency was in Rice Husk Biochar. Cation in biochar was dominated by K+ with the highest percentage of rice husk by 2.75%, Na+ was also found in rice husk by 1.07%, while Mg2+ was in Biochar of oil palm bunches by 0.63%. Porous morphology was seen in rice husks with ˃ 1000 magnification, so rice husk biochar has the best potential as heavy metals adsorption. Contribution/ Originality:This study is one of very few studies which have investigated utilization straw, husk, coconut fiber and palm empty bunch as biochar, potential was showed by morphology, surface are, pore size and functional group.Recently the abundant use of organic biomass has been converted into biochar, and has given hope for a reduction in carbon emissions. In addition, biochar which is rich in negative carbon provides a strong ability to adsorb metal such as Cu, Cd, Pb on the soil thereby reducing pollution [2].

Biochar and Azolla Application on Fertility of Lead Contaminated Soil

“…Biochar and azolla application in this research significantly increased soil organic content, this is because both are high carbon sources. The making process of biochar in hydrolysis aims to maintain the amount of organic carbon present in biomass and also the organic acids present in it, with its porous structure making biochar very suitable for microbial growth in it, for remediating polluted soils (Park, 2011, Hidayat, 2018). Thus, Azolla microphylla which can double three times a week able to contribute high carbon to the soil.…”

Response on growth and production of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) due to application of bio-slurry and biochar

“…As a quality organic fertilizer, Bioslurry is safe for use by humans for fertilizing various food crops, vegetables, flowers, fruit, and plantation crops. Biochar is an organic carbon buffer because it has a high organic acid content, just as biochar organic matter is able to maintain the pH at any change in soil condition [5]. Soil pH conditions can affect soil respiration.…”

Peran Kotoran Burung Puyuh dalam bentuk kompos dan biochar pada Berapa Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Pertumbuhan Sawi (Brassica juncea L.) di Tanah Ultisol

“…Peningkatan serapan P tanaman terjadi karena adanya tingkat perbedaan konsentrasi pemberian kompos dan biochar kotoran burung puyuh.Hossain (2009) menyatakan bahwa penambahan biochar pada tingkat yang berbeda meningkatkan konsentrasi P sehingga serapan P tanaman juga meningkat. Dalam pernyataannya,Hasibuan (2006) menyatakan bahwa tanaman memanfaatkan bahan organik sebagai sumber energi untuk melakukan proses metabolisme yang akan mengoptimalkan pertumbuhannya Tabel 12. Serapan P Tanaman Sawi setelah aplikasi Kompos Kotoran Burung Puyuh dan Biochar Kotoran Burung Puyuh…”