Abstract. Leksono AS, Yanuwiadi B, Khotimah A, Zairina A. 2021. Grasshopper diversity in several agricultural areas and savannas in Dompu, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 75-80. In Sumbawa Island, the conversion of forests and savannahs into agricultural land has increased rapidly since 2010. This research aims to compare grasshopper species' abundance, richness, and diversity between several farmland and savannas in Dompu, Sumbawa Island. It was conducted at ten locations in Dompu, Sumbawa Island, and included an ecotone, two post-harvested rice farms, two post-harvested corn farms, a mixed farm, a vegetable farm, and three savannas. Furthermore, samples were taken four times from four plots at each location in the post-harvest period from August to September 2021. Grasshopper sampling was carried out using the sweeping method with an insect net with each plot size of 2 x 10 m2. A total of 2264 individual grasshoppers belonging to 30 species and four families were collected from all research sites. The dominant species were Alloteratura sp., Trilophidia annulata, Atractomorpha crenulata, Phlaeoba fumosa, Oxya japonica and, Phlaeoba infumata. The greatest grasshopper species richness and diversity were found in post-harvest rice farms, while the lowest was in the vegetable farm, and most of these species are considered pests. This research shows that the composition of grasshoppers on agricultural land is very similar to that of the adjacent savannah. Hence, monitoring and controlling their presence is necessary by paying attention to savannas as refuge land.

Watulimo District, Trenggalek Regency is one of the area in East Java Province that has an abundant marine potential. However, this huge potential has not been optimally developed in a form of marine tourism. This study aims to determine internal and external factors that influence the development of marine tourism in Watulimo Subdistrict, Trenggalek, and develop a strategy of marine tourism development in a sustainable manner. This study was conducted on 4 beaches in Watulimo Subdistrict, Trenggalek Regency: Prigi, Karanggongso, Cengkrong, and Damas. Interviews were conducted by using semi-structured technique. Secondary data is obtained from government policy documents relating to tourism; tourism infrastructure facilities in the research location; data of tourist visits; geography and demographics; socio-cultural and economic data. Most respondents believe that promotion (0.083) and tourist information center (0.075) indicator are considered very important. Advances in information technology have the highest weight (0.097), where respondents can know about the state of the marine tourism area based on information and reviews. The results show the number of scores obtained from the weighting and external factor rating of 2.656 (good value range), which illustrates that the marine tourism area in Watulimo has an opportunity in its development. Cooperation with travel agents, hotels, restaurants, and tourist information centers for Trenggalek District can be incorporated into their brochures to increase traffic.

<p>This research supports the sustainable environmental development, especially at Perhutani area. The objective of this ethno-ecological study was to know relationship between daily life of local people related to their agroforestry practices in edge of the forest belong to Perhutani at the landscape of Bromo Tengger Semeru-East Java. The Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) showed the importance of the forest for the local people. This study covered the perception and conception traditional management system of environment by the local society and also impact of their activities. Data were collected by applying ethno-ecology research methods. Quality of data  were measured by means of participatory ethno-botanical appraisal (PEA) and some research methods included semi-structural and open discussion, in-deep interview, direct observation and plants identification. The results showed that development and management of the natural resources, in Komplangan agroforestry, were highly related to the plant conservation policy. The land use system was adapted from indigenous knowledge which consisted of holly sites (Pedanyangan), worship sites (Sanggar Pamujan), cemetery area and terrace. The conservation model and traditional knowledge in agricultural practices could be used as a model of komplangan area which should be taken into account as the key of biodiversity conservation. Traditional knowledge from these integrative studies will support the sustainable development of NTFPs.</p>

Abstract. Leksono AS, Yanuwiadi B, Afandhi A, Farhan M, Zairina A. 2020. The abundance and diversity of grasshopper communities in relation to elevation and land use in Malang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5614-5620. Ecological factors include interactions of the community members with numerous biotic and abiotic factors such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, light intensity, and seasonality show an altitudinal gradient. Most grasshopper species play a role as herbivores and are a good source of protein for other animals such as amphibians, small reptiles, birds, and small mammals. This study aimed to analyze variations in the abundance, richness, and diversity of grasshopper species along an altitudinal gradient. This research was conducted in five locations in Malang District, East Java, Indonesia, namely Bantur, Sumber Pujung Lawang, Pujon, and Poncokusumo. Grasshopper sampling was carried out by the sweeping method using an insect net. Sweepings were carried out on four plots with each plot size of 2 x 10 m2. Sampling was conducted four times from June to August 2020. The data were analyzed using the Shannon Wiener index (diversity analysis) and the Bray-Curtis index. The differences between locations were tested by one-way analysis of variance. Land use was analyzed by ArcGIS, using Landsat imagery 8. The abundance of grasshoppers had a significant negative correlation with elevation. That correlation was positive to species richness and diversity of grasshoppers. That with species diversity was significant, while that with species richness was not significant. The greatest abundance of the grasshopper was found in the middle elevation in Lawang (19.39 ± 2.12). In contrast, the highest species richness and diversity were found in the highest elevation in Poncokusumo (richness = 15.75 ± 1.60 and H '= 2.58 ± 0.11). Land use variation was not significant on abundance, species, richness, and diversity of grasshoppers. Interestingly, the high similarity of the grasshopper compositions in low elevation habitats was detected, indicating that land use in the low land area was remarkable. The abundance of grasshopper had a significant positive correlation with temperature but negatively correlated with humidity. There was no significant correlation among species richness, species diversity with temperature and humidity.

Asteraceae family has various benefit as herbal medicine and phytochemical affect (biopesticides). It can grow in different habitats but the morphological and physiological characters of Asteraceae depend on the environmental factor. The aims of the study is to describe the variation of height of stems and width of leaves from three species of Asteraceae family (Pluchea indica, Ageratum conyzoides and Elephantopus scaber), on three types of habitat which differed by its altitude and learn the correlation between altitude and morphological characteristics of Asteraceae. Samples of Asteraceae were obtained from Bangkalan-Madura The habitat altitude and the environmental factors were determined by measuring altitude, light intensity, oxygen levels (climate), organic compound, C level, N level, pH (soil chemical character), soil temperature, water levels, porosity, dust, sand and soil humidity (soil physical character). Asteraceae which grows at intermediate-altitude has the highest stems. While, Asteraceae at low-altitude has the widest leaf.

<p>Pohon apel merupakan salah satu jenis pohon yang tidak dapat melakukan penyerbukan sendiri. Bunga apel tergantung pada serangga penyerbuk atau serangga polinator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi serangga kanopi yang berpotensi sebagai polinator bunga apel dan menganalisis pola kunjungannya. Pengamatan serangga dilakukan secara visual. Pengukuran faktor lingkungan (suhu, kelembaban, dan cahaya). Analisis data struktur komunitas serangga pada saat musim berbunga dan berbuah didapatkan dari nilai penting dan diversitas (Indeks Shannon Wienner).  Pola kunjungan dan komposisi serangga polinator dilakukan dengan membandingkan saat musim berbunga dan musim berbuah. Parameter yang dibandingkan diversitas, kelimpahan dan komposisi. Diversitas dan  dan  kelimpahan dibandingkan dengan uji  anova, sedangkan komposisi dibandingkan dengan IBC (Indeks Bray Curtis). Pola kunjungan harian serangga polinator bunga apel dianalisis dengan membandingkan rata-rata kunjungan pada periode I, II, III, IV, dan V. Serangga polinator yang dikoleksi pada perkebunan apel musim bunga lebih tinggi yakni (363 individu) dari pada musim buah (151 individu). Nilai indeks keanekaragaman serangga polinator pada saat musim berbunga lebih tinggi (2,08) dibandingkan musim buah (1,27). Kelimpahan serangga polinator antara musim bunga dan buah signifikan P &lt; 0,001. Kesamaan serangga polinator antara musim bunga dan buah denga indeks Bray Curtis sebesar 0,76 untuk musim bunga (AC, yaitu jam 07.00-08.15 dengan 12.00-13.15) dan 0,74 untuk musim buah (AB, yaitu jam 07.00-08.15 dengan 09.00-10.15). Analisis faktor lingkungan suhu, kelembaban, dan intensitas cahaya terhadap kelimpahan serangga polinator didapatkan korelasi yang positif dengan nilai R-square yakni 43,2%.</p> <p> </p>

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Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengetahuan lokal yang diterapkan masyarakat Desa Sambori dalam pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat dan pangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Sambori Kecamatan Lambitu Kabupaten Bima NTB pada bulan Januari sampai Februari 2015. Metode penelitian ini ialah metode deskripsi etnografis melalui wawancara dan studi literarur. Pemilihan informan menggunakan teknik snowball dengan karakterirtik utama responden ialah merupakan tokoh masyarakat dan tokoh adat Sambori sebanyak 30 orang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis deskripsi etnografis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jumlah tanaman yang dipakai untuk pengobatan ialah 18 jenis tumbuhan yang didominasi oleh jenis tumbuhan family Zingiberaceae dengan manfaat untuk pengobatan panas 3 jenis, obat cacar 9 jenis dan obat kencing batu, pelangsing, mag 9 jenis tumbuhan. Pemanfaatan jenis tumbuhan untuk bahan pangan sehari-hari sebanyak 8 jenis tumbuhan yaitu oleh Oryza sativa, Oryza sp, Zea mays, Vigna Radiata, Manihot utilisima, Glycine max, Arachis hypogaea L dan Ipomoea batatas L, tumbuhan bahan pangan terdiri dari 3 famili di dominasi oleh 38 % tanaman family poaceae untuk pangan, 37 % Famili Fabaceae dan 25 % family Convolvulaceae. Tumbuhan pangan yang dimanfaatkan untuk bahan sayuran sebanyak 9 jenis tumbuhan yaitu Vigna sinensis, Momordica charantia, Sechium edule, Cucumis sativus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Solanum lycopersicum, Schleichera oleosa, Solanum melongena dan Capsicum frutescens L. Bagian tumbuhan pangan sebagai sayuran yaitu daun dan buah.