Purpose This study is aimed to the investigation of the features of morphological changes in the urinary bladder of mature rats. Results Received results shown that the experimental group of rats that had the intake of heavy metal salts (HMS) mixture during 30 and 90 days were observed histological and immunohistochemical changes in all structures of the urinary bladder. Depending on the period of influence of heavy metal ions on the wall of the organ, the pathological changes developed in cellular layers of the wall can lead to degenerative and later to atrophic and sclerotic changes. Conclusions This study demonstrates that high concentrations of HMS can significantly influence the body. The histological and immunohistochemical studies showed that the influence of the HMS combination leads to deep morphological changes in all structures of the urinary bladder. These changes depend on the period of intake of HMS. Analysis of the obtained results demonstrates the dependence of expression of morphological changes in the urinary bladder on the experiment duration. The final result of these changes may lead to the disorders of bladder’s functions.

Background Although primary cancer of the fallopian tubes is a relatively rare type of tumor in female reproductive organs, its mortality is quite high. It is important to identify molecular and biological markers of this malignancy that determine its specific phenotype. Methods The study was carried out on samples received from 71 female patients with primary cancer of the fallopian tubes. The main molecular and biological properties, including hormone status (estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR]), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)/neu expression, proliferative potential (Ki-67), apoptosis (p53, Bcl-2), and pro-angiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor) quality of serous tumors were studied in comparison with clinical and morphological characteristics. Results ER and PR expression is accompanied by low grade neoplasia, early clinical disease stage, and absence of lymphogenic metastasis (p < .001). HER2/neu expression is not typical for primary cancer of the fallopian tubes. Ki-67 expression is characterized by an inverse correlation with ER and PR (p < .05) and is associated with lymphogenic metastasis (p < .01). p53+ status correlates with high grade malignancy, tumor progression, metastasis, negative ER/PR (p < .001), and negative Bcl-2 status (p < .05). Positive Bcl-2 status is positively correlated with ER and PR expression and low grade malignancy. Conclusions Complex morphologic (histological and immunohistochemical) study of postoperative material allows estimation of the degree of malignancy and tumor spread to enable appropriate treatment for each case.

Introduction: Heavy metals (HM) are dangerous elements due to their toxicity and prevalence play an important role in the environmental pollution and hazards to health risk. Impact of HM at high concentrations may lead to the failures of urinary bladder (UB) structure and functions. The aim of our study was to determine the readaptive changes in the UB of the rats and effectiveness of vitamin E using after the long-term intake of the HMS mixtures. Materials and Methods: We used mature male laboratory rats which were divided into three series with special experimental conditions after the influence of HM. The detailed analysis of the UB state was performed by using morphometric, spectrophotometric, histological and electron microscopy methods. Results: We had determined that the long-term intake of HM caused the significant increase of their accumulation in the tissue and morphometric changes of UB. Obtained results after the cancelation of the HM effect demonstrate smooth morphological restructuring of the UB wall with the reduction of difference of accumulation and morphometric indicators with control. The adjustment of vitamin E during there adaptation period showed better result recovery and optimization of all parameters, but they haven’t completely returned to normal state. Conclusions: The influence of HMS mixture led to significant negative effect on the UB at all stages of research. However, under the conditions of readaptation the tendency towards a certain stabilization of all indicators was observed, but they didn’t completely pass to the end of the study. The vitamin E using has caused the acceleration and improved the development of readaptive change after HM exposure. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(1) 2019 p.100-106

Introduction Thyroid cancer (TC) demonstrates steady growth in incidence worldwide and remains an urgent problem in oncology. The detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) with a selective dye and further histological examination in selecting the proper (personalized) surgical strategy and the volume of surgical intervention for clinically undetermined regional lymph nodes. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intraoperative detection of SLN with a 1% toluidine blue aqueous solution. Material and methods The significant tasks are to identify the pattern of TC metastases to cervical lymph nodes, to establish the prevalence of “skip” metastases, to compare the frequency of complications after total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection and lateral neck dissection with total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection, and to determine the feasibility of the application of lateral neck dissections in patients with papillary and follicular TC without metastases to regional lymph nodes (according to physical examination and ultrasound). Results According to our data the SLN identification rate was 97.6%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and frequency of false negative and false positive results was 89.2, 94.6, 88.03, 95.16, 10.8, and 5.4%, respectively. The most common metastasis was in the central neck compartment (83.7%). Skip metastases were determined in 4.9% of patients. Conclusions The low prevalence of “skip” metastases and a significant risk of postoperative complications (wound exudation, lymphorrhagia, inflammation, hypoparathyroidism, paresis of the vocal cords) support the idea that lateral neck dissection is appropriate only in cases of confirmed metastases by physical examination and/or ultrasound at the preoperative stage.

Calcification is one of the clinical and morphological manifestations of ovarian tumors and it begins at the initial stages of carcinogenesis. Thus, this process can be used for the early diagnostics of some malignant ovarian tumors. We compared the results of ultrasound and histology and found that calcifications of a size less than 200 μm are not detected by ultrasound. These calcified structures are round fragile particles of different sizes. In the EDX (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) spectra, the main lines were from Ca and P, and the ratio of these elements corresponds to hydroxyapatite. Thus, we established that hydroxyapatite is the main mineral component of ovarian psammoma bodies and could be used for early diagnostics of ovarian malignant neoplasia.

According to the results of the Euro-Heart Survey on Vascular Heart Disease the most common pathology is nonrheumatic aortic stenosis, it is also called as calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS), as in its pathogenesis the process of biomineralization of valve cusps and ring plays the main role. The aim of the work is the immunohistochemical study of mineralized tissue of aortic heart valves, which are affected by atherocalcinosis. Materials and methods. 30 samples of mineralized aortic valves (I group) and 10 samples of aortic valve without evidence of biomineralization (II group-control) were studied. Immunohistochemical study of expression of collagen (Collagen I), CD68, myeloperoxidase (MPO), calgranulin A (S100A8), calgranulin B (S100A9), caspase 3 (Casp 3) and osteopontin (OPN) was conducted in AV tissue of both groups. Results. In CAV tissues the fibrillar component (collagen I) growths was found, but the quantitative and qualitative compositions of CD68+ circulating inflammatory cells are not significantly different from the control group. CAVs contain much more MPO+-cells (p <0.001) in comparison to the group of AVs without biomineralization. Our data show a significant increase of the S100A9 and OPN expression in the mineralized tissue of AVs (p < 0.01). Also, a higher expression level of Casp3 and MPO was found in CAVs (p < 0.05). Comparing the first and the second groups of AVs connection between the expression of S100A8 was not determined. Conclusion. High Casp 3 expression confirms the increased level of cell elimination in the CAVs tissue, which is obviously connected with the impact of high local concentrations of S100A9. These facts can contribute to the development of pathological biomineralization of AV. Since osteopontin inhibits the hydroxyapatite formation by binding to the surface of the crystals, its hyperproduction is a counteracting factor against biomineralization in AV tissue.

A -research concept and design; B -collection and/or assembly of data; C -data analysis and interpretation; D -writing the article; E -critical revision of the article; F -final approval of the article Prostate cancer (PGC) is leading the way in the structure of cancer morbidity around the world. The presence of prostatic concretions (PC) and skeletal metastases significantly reduces the patients' life quality and worsens the prognosis of the disease.Aim. The aim of study was to define the impact of PC on the development of prostate cancer bone metastases.Materials and methods. 30 samples of PGC with PC and 30 PGC tissue samples without PC were analyzed by histology (hematoxylin-eosin staining), histochemistry (von Kossa and Alizarin red staining), immunohistochemistry (OSN, Col I, Col II, p53, Bax, Casp3, MPO, CD68). PC were analyzed by SEM-EDS and XRD with different temperature of heat pretreatment.Results. All PC samples had the calcium hydroxyapatite origin with a slight deviation from the stoichiometric composition and admixture of extraneous elements. The presence of zinc oxide and iron-containing calcium phosphate in the structure of PC was found by XRD. We revealed significantly higher expression of Вах, Саsp3, MPO and CD68 in PGC tissue with PC (P < 0.001). We suggest that the combination of these factors predetermines the development of a specific phenotype of cancer cells which is manifested by the significantly higher OSN and Col I expression in PGC with PC (P < 0.001). It contributes to recognizing of bone tissue as an optimal environment for the growth and development of PGC metastases by cancer cells. Conclusions.The presence of PC in the PGC tissue promotes the development of a specific osteoblastic immunophenotype of cancer cells. It can determine the tropism of PGC metastases to bone tissue.Простатичні конкременти зумовлюють остеобластичний імунофенотип раку передміхурової залози А. М. Піддубний, С. М. Данильченко, А. М. Романюк, Р. А. Москаленко Рак передміхурової залози (РПЗ) посідає провідні позиції у структурі онкологічної захворюваності та смертності чоловіків у всьому світі. Наявність простатичних конкрементів (ПК) і метастатичного ураження скелета значно знижує якість життя пацієнтів і погіршує перебіг основного захворювання.Мета роботи -визначення можливого впливу наявності ПК на процеси розвитку кісткових метастазів РПЗ.Матеріали та методи. 30 зразків тканини РПЗ із ПК і 30 зразків неопластичної тканини РПЗ без ознак біомінералізації дослідили за допомогою гістологічних (забарвлення гематоксиліном та еозином), гістохімічних (забарвлення алізариновим червоним і за методом фон Косса) та імуногістохімічних (з використанням антитіл проти маркерів OSN, Col I, Col II, p53, Bax, Casp3, MPO, CD68) методів. Усі ПК аналізували за допомогою SEM-EDS і XRD з різними температурними режимами обробки матеріалу.Результати. Усі зразки досліджених ПК складалися переважно із кальцію гідроксиапатиту з незначними відхиленнями у стехіометричному складі та домішками сторонніх елементів. За допомогою XRD з обро...

Pathological biomineralization can be found in some gallbladder (GB) diseases such as chronic calculous cholecystitis (CCCh), gallbladder cancer (GBC) and porcelain gallbladder (PGB).The aim of the work was to analyze the morphology of pathological biomineralization in GB tissue in CCCh, GBC and PGB.Five cases of PGB, 10 samples of CCCh and 5 cases of GBC with biomineralization were selected for this study. All samples were examined by histology, histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray diffraction.The X-ray diffraction of mineral deposits of PGB wall and GB concretions revealed their different mineral composition. All PGB and GBC samples had the presence of hydroxyapatite. Calcium-containing GB concretions were composed of calcium carbonate with the presence of trace amounts of other calcium phosphate phases (vaterite, dolomite).We did not find cancer in all PGB cases. The different crystal phases of biominerals were found in the wall (PGB and GBC) and in the GB cavity (CCCh) during pathology development. The difference between mineral content of biominerals can be caused by various conditions and mechanisms of their formation.