BackgroundBreast cancer is the most frequent localization of malignant process in American women and women of European countries. To date it is not possible to control the morbidity growth due to lack of effective ways of primary prevention. Comparing the incidence of breast cancer in developed countries with the countries of Asia and Africa, there is the fact of population predominance lesion in more urbanized countries. This suggests that the environment along with other factors, occupies a significant place in the initiation and progression of breast neoplasia. The impressive rates of industrial development led to the pollution of soil, surface water and, as a consequence, food by heavy metal salts.The purposes of this paper are as follows: the chemical composition determination of neoplastic breast tissue, evaluation of the DNA methylation level, study of prognostic-important receptors expression in the breast cancer cells, establishing linkages between all the derived indicators.MethodsIn our study we used the following methods: studying of the chemical composition of breast cancer tissue by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and energy-dispersion spectrometer; іmmunohistochemical study of ER, PR, HER2/neu, p53, Ki-67, E-cadherin and MGMT receptors; DNA extraction and investigation by oscillating infrared spectroscopy method.ResultsThe total amount of heavy metals in breast cancer tissue ranged from 51.21 × 10−3 to 84.86 × 10−3 μg/kg. We have got the following results: the growth of heavy metals in neoplastic tissue is accompanied with the increase of HER2/neu, p53, Ki-67, MGMT expression and decrease of ER and PR expression. The increment of pathological DNA methylation is accompanied with the increasing amount of heavy metals in tumor tissue.ConclusionsHeavy metals through different pathogenetic links stimulate the progression of breast cancer and reduce its sensitivity to treatment. DNA of tumor tissue has a different level of methylation which changes with the amount of heavy metals in cancer cells. This is displayed on the synthesis of prognostically important receptors in neoplastic tissue.

When increased amounts of HMS enter the rats` bodies, suppression of erythropoiesis and leukocytopoiesis occurs while thrombocytopoiesis increases. These changes depend on the period of intake of heavy metal salts. The adjustment of vitamin E reduces the severity of the cytotoxic effect of heavy metals and improves readaptation in the recovery period.

The objective of this study was to give an overview of a rare case of tuberculosis of the left fallopian tube in postmenopausal women. It is known that the isolated tuberculous salpingitis without spreading to the endometrium is extremely rare case. In our case, it simulated a cancer of appendages at the late stages that were proved by the increased level of CA-125. This fact as well as the macroscopic image of the left fallopian tube was incorrectly considered by the clinicians as a malignant neoplasm of fallopian tube. However, after pathomorphological examination of postoperative samples during histological study, the main method of verification of the diagnosis, revealed the specific granulomas in the samples that indicate the tubercular inflammation. It was considered by clinical and laboratory as data secondary focus.

Pathological biomineralization can be found in some gallbladder (GB) diseases such as chronic calculous cholecystitis (CCCh), gallbladder cancer (GBC) and porcelain gallbladder (PGB).The aim of the work was to analyze the morphology of pathological biomineralization in GB tissue in CCCh, GBC and PGB.Five cases of PGB, 10 samples of CCCh and 5 cases of GBC with biomineralization were selected for this study. All samples were examined by histology, histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray diffraction.The X-ray diffraction of mineral deposits of PGB wall and GB concretions revealed their different mineral composition. All PGB and GBC samples had the presence of hydroxyapatite. Calcium-containing GB concretions were composed of calcium carbonate with the presence of trace amounts of other calcium phosphate phases (vaterite, dolomite).We did not find cancer in all PGB cases. The different crystal phases of biominerals were found in the wall (PGB and GBC) and in the GB cavity (CCCh) during pathology development. The difference between mineral content of biominerals can be caused by various conditions and mechanisms of their formation.

A -research concept and design; B -collection and/or assembly of data; C -data analysis and interpretation; D -writing the article; E -critical revision of the article; F -final approval of the article Prostate cancer (PGC) is leading the way in the structure of cancer morbidity around the world. The presence of prostatic concretions (PC) and skeletal metastases significantly reduces the patients' life quality and worsens the prognosis of the disease.Aim. The aim of study was to define the impact of PC on the development of prostate cancer bone metastases.Materials and methods. 30 samples of PGC with PC and 30 PGC tissue samples without PC were analyzed by histology (hematoxylin-eosin staining), histochemistry (von Kossa and Alizarin red staining), immunohistochemistry (OSN, Col I, Col II, p53, Bax, Casp3, MPO, CD68). PC were analyzed by SEM-EDS and XRD with different temperature of heat pretreatment.Results. All PC samples had the calcium hydroxyapatite origin with a slight deviation from the stoichiometric composition and admixture of extraneous elements. The presence of zinc oxide and iron-containing calcium phosphate in the structure of PC was found by XRD. We revealed significantly higher expression of Вах, Саsp3, MPO and CD68 in PGC tissue with PC (P < 0.001). We suggest that the combination of these factors predetermines the development of a specific phenotype of cancer cells which is manifested by the significantly higher OSN and Col I expression in PGC with PC (P < 0.001). It contributes to recognizing of bone tissue as an optimal environment for the growth and development of PGC metastases by cancer cells. Conclusions.The presence of PC in the PGC tissue promotes the development of a specific osteoblastic immunophenotype of cancer cells. It can determine the tropism of PGC metastases to bone tissue.Простатичні конкременти зумовлюють остеобластичний імунофенотип раку передміхурової залози А. М. Піддубний, С. М. Данильченко, А. М. Романюк, Р. А. Москаленко Рак передміхурової залози (РПЗ) посідає провідні позиції у структурі онкологічної захворюваності та смертності чоловіків у всьому світі. Наявність простатичних конкрементів (ПК) і метастатичного ураження скелета значно знижує якість життя пацієнтів і погіршує перебіг основного захворювання.Мета роботи -визначення можливого впливу наявності ПК на процеси розвитку кісткових метастазів РПЗ.Матеріали та методи. 30 зразків тканини РПЗ із ПК і 30 зразків неопластичної тканини РПЗ без ознак біомінералізації дослідили за допомогою гістологічних (забарвлення гематоксиліном та еозином), гістохімічних (забарвлення алізариновим червоним і за методом фон Косса) та імуногістохімічних (з використанням антитіл проти маркерів OSN, Col I, Col II, p53, Bax, Casp3, MPO, CD68) методів. Усі ПК аналізували за допомогою SEM-EDS і XRD з різними температурними режимами обробки матеріалу.Результати. Усі зразки досліджених ПК складалися переважно із кальцію гідроксиапатиту з незначними відхиленнями у стехіометричному складі та домішками сторонніх елементів. За допомогою XRD з обро...