Cultivation of fiber flax and oil flax in Kurgan region is of current interest due to the presence of flax seed and straw processing enterprise – SUE Len Zauralya, Kurgan. To increase the production of highquality flaxseed oil and flax products, the level of flax production should be increased via theoretically substantiated cultivation technologies. Propagating a new variety, plant breeders consider the needs of two categories of consumers – flax producers and flax processors. Some of them need fiber flax varieties of high yield (seed and fiber) and high fiber quality resistant to diseases and lodging, adapted to conditions of Trans-Urals and Siberia. Other consumers need fiber flax varieties that meet numerous requirements of textile, construction, automotive, aviation, medical, and other sectors of the economy, and are suitable for processing by state-of-the-art flax processing equipment. The approach to develop a variety has currently become targeted and customized. Varieties grown in the study area and used as a standard showed high fiber yields: Tomsky 17 – 0.68 t/ha, Tomsky 18 – 0.69 t/ha. The results of the three-year study showed high yields of new varieties: Tost 3 – 0.98 t/ha, Tost 4 – 0.86 t/ha, Tost 5 – 0.82 t/ha. The fiber yield of these varieties was also high: Tost 3 – 0.71 t/ha, Tost 4 – 0.68 t/ha, Tost 5 – 0.66 t/ha.

The article describes the results of a three-year field experiment studying the effects of sowing periods on the crop structure, biometric indicators and productivity of white lupine varieties Degas and Gamma. The experiment was conducted in 2015-2017 on the leached chernozem of the experimental field of Kurgan State Agricultural Academy in the forest-steppe zone of Kurgan Region. The first sowing period corresponded to the physical soil maturity (the third decade of April - the first decade of May), the subsequent sowing periods were 6-8 days after the first one. Only in 2015, the full ripeness phase was not achieved (the third sowing period). The optimal sowing period was the first one: the yield of lupine grain varied from 2.5 to 14.9 t/ha.

In modern conditions, an important reserve for increasing yields and crops is the selection of varieties adapted to the environment. At the same time, there is an increasing need for varieties capable of maximizing the potential for productivity and quality. The purpose of the study is to analyze the ecological plasticity of pea and spring rapeseed varieties to increase the productivity of agrophytocenoses in the Trans-Urals. The studies revealed that in order to increase the productivity of pea and spring rapeseed agrophytocenoses in the conditions of Trans-Urals, high-yield pea varieties Thomas, Aksaisky leafless 55, Zauralsky 3 and Sibur shall be cultivated with a yield of 20.8-24.7 c/ha; spring rapeseed – Avangard, Atlant, Ozorno, 55 Region with the yield of 19.3-22.8 c/ha. High-intensity pea varieties include Aksaisky leafless 55, Zauralsky 3, Ulyanovets and Flagman 12 with the plasticity index of 1.1-1.2, spring rapeseed – Novik, Ermak, Altair and Mirakel with the plasticity index of 1.1-1.5 and stability equal to 3.5-10.5. The varieties that are poorly responsive to changing external conditions, but with high stable yields include Vatan, Samarius and Sibur pea varieties, spring rapeseed – Ratnik, Pramen, Smilla, Avangard, Atlant and Ozorno varieties.

The results of economic efficiency of mineral fertilizers application in grain and steam crop rotation in the conditions of Zauralie are presented. Agronomic efficiency has been determined, in which the payback of 1 kg of active substance (e.g.) of fertilizers applied to the variant with the use of three batteries averaged 1.7-1.9 kg for 3 years, the maximum payback was observed in the variant with a minimum dose of P40 - 2.6 kg/kg. Calculation of economic efficiency has shown that at increase in a dose of mineral fertilizers and industrial expenses there is a decrease in a recoupment on 0.16-0.30 rbl.

The paper discusses the effect of pre-sowing treatment of buckwheat with organic fertilizers on its structural indicators, yield and susceptibility to root rot. It was found that fertilizing has a positive effect on growth, development and yield of buckwheat in comparison with the control. Potassium humate was revealed to be particularly effective and showed the yield range from 3.2 t/ha in Chishminskaya and Barynya varieties and to 4.0 t/ha in Devyatka variety.

This article presents the results of studying the phytosanitary situation in the cultivation of 10 varieties of green pea in the Trans-Urals. We noted that the economic threshold of harmfulness by the soilborne and leaf-and-stem disease agents was crossed in the majority of the varieties. All varieties of the peas were affected by root rot above the economic threshold of damage (15%). In 2018, the level of root rot development was 55.5% on average in the varieties, or an excess of EPR by 3.7 times; and in 2019, the development of rot was 44.6% or an excess of EPR by 3 times. High rates of Fusarium blight were evident in the Zauralskiy 4, Kulon, Krepysh, and Samarius varieties, and bacterial blight in the Krepysh and Tomas varieties. Rust development varied on average over the two years from 10.5% to 16.5%, and 12% of the standard cultivar Aksayskiy Usatii 55 was affected. 11% of Samarius 13% of Agrointel and 11.5% of Zauralskiy 3 were affected. For all varieties, the development of powdery mildew was below the economic threshold of harmfulness (EPV = 15%). A higher percentage of disease development was noted in the Zauralsky 4 variety (11.0%) and in the Yamalsky 305 variety (13.5%). The productivity of the seeds treated with chemical fungicide increased 1.2-1.9 times as compared to the reference sample. The productivity growth of the seeds treated with biofungicides amounted to 1.09-1.11 times the reference. The authors recommend a pre-sowing treatment of pea seeds with preparations of symbiotrophic nitrogen fixers (such as nitragin, rhizotorfin), combined with their treatment with microelements: ammonium molybdate with 50% content of the active ingredient (250 g / t of seeds) and boric acid (250-300 g / t of seeds). Keywords: green pea, varieties, diseases, fungicide, yield.This article presents the results of studying the phytosanitary situation in the cultivation of 10 varieties of green pea in the Trans-Urals. We noted that the economic threshold of harmfulness by the soilborne and leaf-and-stem disease agents was crossed in the majority of the varieties. All varieties of the peas were affected by root rot above the economic threshold of damage (15%). In 2018, the level of root rot development was 55.5% on average in the varieties, or an excess of EPR by 3.7 times; and in 2019, the development of rot was 44.6% or an excess of EPR by 3 times. High rates of Fusarium blight were evident in the Zauralskiy 4, Kulon, Krepysh, and Samarius varieties, and bacterial blight in the Krepysh and Tomas varieties. Rust development varied on average over the two years from 10.5% to 16.5%, and 12% of the standard cultivar Aksayskiy Usatii 55 was affected. 11% of Samarius 13% of Agrointel and 11.5% of Zauralskiy 3 were affected. For all varieties, the development of powdery mildew was below the economic threshold of harmfulness (EPV = 15%). A higher percentage of disease development was noted in the Zauralsky 4 variety (11.0%) and in the Yamalsky 305 variety (13.5%). The productivity of the seeds treated with chemical fungicide increased 1.2-1.9 times as compared to the reference sample. The productivity growth of the seeds treated with biofungicides amounted to 1.09-1.11 times the reference. The authors recommend a pre-sowing treatment of pea seeds with preparations of symbiotrophic nitrogen fixers (such as nitragin, rhizotorfin), combined with their treatment with microelements: ammonium molybdate with 50% content of the active ingredient (250 g / t of seeds) and boric acid (250-300 g / t of seeds). Keywords: green pea, varieties, diseases, fungicide, yield

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