The paper discusses the effect of pre-sowing treatment of buckwheat with organic fertilizers on its structural indicators, yield and susceptibility to root rot. It was found that fertilizing has a positive effect on growth, development and yield of buckwheat in comparison with the control. Potassium humate was revealed to be particularly effective and showed the yield range from 3.2 t/ha in Chishminskaya and Barynya varieties and to 4.0 t/ha in Devyatka variety.
The results of economic efficiency of mineral fertilizers application in grain and steam crop rotation in the conditions of Zauralie are presented. Agronomic efficiency has been determined, in which the payback of 1 kg of active substance (e.g.) of fertilizers applied to the variant with the use of three batteries averaged 1.7-1.9 kg for 3 years, the maximum payback was observed in the variant with a minimum dose of P40 - 2.6 kg/kg. Calculation of economic efficiency has shown that at increase in a dose of mineral fertilizers and industrial expenses there is a decrease in a recoupment on 0.16-0.30 rbl.
The article is devoted to the study of the energy nutritional value of forage from perennial legumes and cereals grown on the drained lands of the Non-Chernozem zone (Tver region). The objects of research are highly productive grass stands based on variable alfalfa variety Vega 87, meadow clover variety Shans, and intensive types of cereal grasses meadow timothy variety VIK 9, meadow fescue variety Sakharovskaya. The objects of research are high-yielding grass stands based on alfalfa variety Vega 87, meadow clover variety Shans, and intensive types of cereal grasses meadow timothy variety VIK 9, meadow fescue variety Sakharovskaya. The studies were carried out in 2018-2020 on the experimental field of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands - Branch of the Federal Research Centre V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute (VNIIMZ) on sod-podzolic light loamy soil, drained by closed pottery drainage. It is noted that under conditions of waterlogged soil and low average daily temperatures, grass mixtures of alfalfa and meadow clover with perennial grasses often have unstable productivity. The botanical composition of grass mixtures on average over the years of research showed the participation of legumes - 45-50 %, cereals - 50-55 %. Of the cereal components during the period of crop formation, more active development was noted in meadow fescue, on average, 54 % in the composition of mixtures, versus 46 % of meadow timothy. Analysis of samples of green mass and voluminous forage (silage) from alfalfa, meadow clover and cereal grasses harvested for the winter stall period showed a high protein content in silage prepared from the plant mass of alfalfa-clover-cereal grass mixture. These feeds contain protein 128.3-138.5 g per feed unit, metabolic energy 9.18-10.08 MJ per 1 kg of dry feed.
Application of fertilizers in grain fallow rotation in the central part of Kurgan region increased the productivity of grain crops by 3.0-22.1% and enhanced the quality of grain as well. The application of lime affected the composition of SAC and acidity of chernozem. Combined application of lime and sapropel reduced the hydrolytic acidity of leached chernozem by 1.2 mol. equiv./100 g of soil and increased base saturation from 81.1% to 88.2%.
In order to determine the optimal combination of components of a fertilizer system economic and agronomic efficiency of lime, organic and mineral fertilizers in grain and steam crop rotation in the forest steppe of the Trans-Urals was analyzed. The definition of agronomic efficiency showed that the payback of 1 kg of active ingredient (a.i.) of added fertilizers yield gain on average over 3 years made 1.04-1.42 kg, the maximum payback was observed in the option with a dose of N30P30 – 5.33 kg of grain units (g.u.)/kg a.i. The increase in the dose of mineral fertilizers increased the production costs and reduced the payback from 2.12 to 1.49 rubles. Options of mixed organo-mineral fertilizer on the basis of sapropel with lime and mineral fertilizers in the ratio of mass fractions 1:0,1:0,01 and 1:0,1:0,05 are proposed.
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