The article presents the main tendencies and prospects of development of the meat cattle breeding industry in the Ural Federal District. It is shown that the industry plays an important role in the production of quality beef. Mentioned is the quantity of cattle of beef production direction in the regions of the Ural Federal District, breed composition of cattle, availability of breeding reproducers. The applied technologies of beef cattle breeding, availability of breeding programs for work with large cattle of beef productivity direction, interrelation between breeding reproducers, peasant-farming farms and fattening grounds are shown.On the basis of the received results prospects of development of branch of beef cattle breeding, necessity of development of the small enterprises on cultivation of breeds of beef cattle are developed, and also necessity of development of fattening pads is established.Along with creation of fattening enterprises, it is necessary to pay attention to breeding work with breeds of beef cattle. Each subject of the Ural Federal District needs its own program of tribal work with breeds of meat production. In order to ensure uninterrupted supply of young animals with fattening pads, it is necessary to develop peasant farms and private subsidiary farms. The existing pedigree factories and tribal loudspeakers will provide small forms of management of tribal youngsters. This will provide jobs and employment for the population of remote villages and villages, and will allow the efficient use of agricultural land. Consumer cooperatives and livestock associations can be a connecting link. These structures will coordinate technological and breeding issues, development of modern technologies.Performance of tasks on increase in production of high-quality beef is connected with effective use of breed resources of large cattle of a meat direction of productivity, realisation of their selection-genetichex potential, creation of optimum conditions for the maintenance of animals.
The article describes characteristics of milk productivity of meat cow breeds in the south of Tyumen region. The breeds under study (Hereford, Charolais, Limousine, Salers and Obrak) are compared. The level of milk productivity in Hereford, Obrak and Salers cows is higher than that of limousine and Charolais. The average daily productivity of Hereford cows was 4.97 kg, Obrak cows – 4.89 kg, Salers cows – 4.77 kg, limousines cows – 4.51 kg and Charolais cows – 4.44 kg. Hereford cows had the most nutritious milk – 3103.8 J, milk produced by Obrak and Salers cows had a nutritional value which was lower by 1.0 %, by limousine cows – by 2.8 %, by Charolais cows – by 4.3 %. Milk productivity tends to increase with age and different generations. Thus, Charolais cows had the highest milk yield, and the Limousine cows had the lowest milk yield. Unique and time-consuming data that can be used by all agricultural enterprises are presented.
Metallurgical enterprises are the main source of environmental pollution with heavy metals. Toxicants pose a serious threat to the consumer's health, so scientific research on diminishing their adverse effect on sanitaryhygienic properties of poultry meat is of high importance when organizing effective environmental management and ensuring food security. The purpose of the study is to devise a method for reducing a negative impact of heavy metals on productivity and sanitary-hygienic properties of meat by admixing adsorbents to a formulation of animal feeds. To analyse the concentration of heavy metals, the atomic adsorption method was applied. Experimental data were statistically processed using SNEDECOR application package. In the industrial territory of RNO-Alania, the prudent use of the adsorbents such as citrus pectin in the amount of 200 g/ton and Toxiban Max in the amount of 1000 g/ton admixed to barley-corn-soybean based feeds of local production allows achieving the maximum effect. Due to the synergistic effect of the tested drugs, there was an increase in the number of red blood cells, haemoglobin and bactericidal and lysozyme activities in the blood of the experimental birds; at the same time, the concentration of zinc lowered 1.98 times, lead-2.71 times and cadmium-2.03 times. The broiler chickens of the 4-experimental group were different from the 1-control analogues in weight parameters, slaughter yield and protein qualitative index which increased by 12.9%, 0.74% and 17.8% respectively. Zinc concentration in the examined muscle samples was 3.48 times lower than in the 1-control group, lead concentration-3.11 times and cadmium concentration-3.54 times.
The breed is a factor that determines the productivity of cattle. In the domestic and foreign literature there are numerous data on the economic characteristics of meat breed cattle but there is little reliable information about the productive features of a particular breed in the conditions of a certain region. In this regard the study of the productivity of beef cattle of different breeds in the conditions of the Kurgan region is an actual problem. The studies were conducted in the farms of Kurgan region in 2013-2014 on the young Aberdeen-Angus and Hereford breeds. It was established that the main reserve of beef production in Kurgan region is the intensive growing and fattening of the young Aberdeen-Angus and Hereford breeds (31.53 and 63.51% respectively, of the total number of livestock). The animals of the Aberdeen-Angus breed showed better productivity and economic efficiency in comparison with the Hereford animals: a body weight of 524.55 and 476.80 kg in 18 months, a slaughter yield of 61.2 and 60.8%, a protein conversion ratio of 16. 31 and 16.15%, the level of profitability of 20.98 and 13.91% respectively. During the entire period of cultivation (0-18 months) the animals of the Aberdeen-Angus breed consumed a smaller amount of EFU (energetic feed unit), exchange energy and digestible protein per 1 kg of body weight growth -6.23 EFU, 62.25 MJ and 540 g. The breed factor influences a significant effect on the average daily weight gain (12.82%), dry matter content in the pulp (42.27%), fat content in the pulp (73.72%), energy value of the pulp (58.95%), conversion rate of the energy exchange (59.14%). To increase the production of beef in Kurgan region it is recommended to breed the animals of the Aberdeen-Angus breed.
In modern conditions, an important reserve for increasing yields and crops is the selection of varieties adapted to the environment. At the same time, there is an increasing need for varieties capable of maximizing the potential for productivity and quality. The purpose of the study is to analyze the ecological plasticity of pea and spring rapeseed varieties to increase the productivity of agrophytocenoses in the Trans-Urals. The studies revealed that in order to increase the productivity of pea and spring rapeseed agrophytocenoses in the conditions of Trans-Urals, high-yield pea varieties Thomas, Aksaisky leafless 55, Zauralsky 3 and Sibur shall be cultivated with a yield of 20.8-24.7 c/ha; spring rapeseed – Avangard, Atlant, Ozorno, 55 Region with the yield of 19.3-22.8 c/ha. High-intensity pea varieties include Aksaisky leafless 55, Zauralsky 3, Ulyanovets and Flagman 12 with the plasticity index of 1.1-1.2, spring rapeseed – Novik, Ermak, Altair and Mirakel with the plasticity index of 1.1-1.5 and stability equal to 3.5-10.5. The varieties that are poorly responsive to changing external conditions, but with high stable yields include Vatan, Samarius and Sibur pea varieties, spring rapeseed – Ratnik, Pramen, Smilla, Avangard, Atlant and Ozorno varieties.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.