The article describes characteristics of milk productivity of meat cow breeds in the south of Tyumen region. The breeds under study (Hereford, Charolais, Limousine, Salers and Obrak) are compared. The level of milk productivity in Hereford, Obrak and Salers cows is higher than that of limousine and Charolais. The average daily productivity of Hereford cows was 4.97 kg, Obrak cows – 4.89 kg, Salers cows – 4.77 kg, limousines cows – 4.51 kg and Charolais cows – 4.44 kg. Hereford cows had the most nutritious milk – 3103.8 J, milk produced by Obrak and Salers cows had a nutritional value which was lower by 1.0 %, by limousine cows – by 2.8 %, by Charolais cows – by 4.3 %. Milk productivity tends to increase with age and different generations. Thus, Charolais cows had the highest milk yield, and the Limousine cows had the lowest milk yield. Unique and time-consuming data that can be used by all agricultural enterprises are presented.
The article presents materials on the study of the cows’ exterior and meat productivity of Aubrac gobies in the acclimatization period of the third and sixth generation animals in the conditions of Northern Trans-Urals. It was established that as a result of 18 years of Aubrac breeding, animals were formed in the enlarged type of physique in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals. Cows of the sixth generation had larger measurements in shoulder height by 9.7cm, in rump - by 5.2 cm, slantwise body length - by 12.8 cm, as well as chest depth - by 5.5cm, chest width by 9.2 cm and chest girth by 10.1 cm. The highest live weight in growing gobies between 9 and 18 months was in sixth-generation animals. The indicators that characterize animals’ meat productivity increased. The slaughter weight of the sixth-generation gobies was 330 kg. It was found that by the size of the carcasses’ edible part, animals of the sixth generation were superior to the peers of previous generations. The amount of muscle tissue in the sixth-generation gobies was the highest and amounted to 243.2 kg, muscle tissue output - 77.5%.
The modern system for the breeding value evaluation of animals consists of phenotypic and genotypic traits on the basis of which the indices of breeding value are calculated. Relying on genetic factors, the share of influence of which, for example, on dairy productivity is 25-30 %, it is possible not only to assess the breeding value, but also to improve the herd according to the necessary parameters. However, the complexity of using genomic selection is due to the fact that milk productivity itself largely depends on environmental factors. In order to automate and accelerate work with the herd as well as to obtain reliable parameters of milk productivity, there are different mechanisms; one of these is the breeding control of milk quality. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of automating the collection of milk quality data when evaluating the breeding value of animals. The proposed tool in the form of a laboratory for milk quality control allows us to use information not only at the level of a Regional Information and Breeding Center, as a data integrator in the region, but also by breeds, Associations, Unions, laboratories, as well as transfer ready-made data to Associations, Unions, government agencies. The dependence of the variability of quantitative traits on the genetic characteristics of breeds, the effects of environmental factors and interactions between them indicates the limited potential effectiveness of genomic breeding in order to increase the efficiency of animal husbandry. Therefore, without the possibility of obtaining phenotypic data and data on productivity indicators, it is not only impossible to develop our own Russian index of breeding value of animals, but also the system for evaluation breeding value at all.
Развитие мясного скотоводства определяется породным составом животных, поэтому изучение продуктивных качеств в период адаптации породы салерс в условиях Западной Сибири представляет научный и практический интерес. Материал и методы. Изучены продуктивные качества и экстерьер коров породы салерс в возрасте 3, 4 и 5 лет, принадлежащих к разным эколого-географическим генерациям (от нулевой до пятой). Живая масса определялась при взвешивании животных, экстерьер изучен при измерении животных и вычислением индексов телосложения. Исследования крови – по методике В.Т. Самохина, П.Е. Петрова, И.М. Белякова и др. (1981). Исследования микросателлитной ДНК проведены по 15 локусам, экспериментальный материал обработан методом вариационной статистики (Н.А. Плохинский, 1969) с использованием программного приложения Microsoft Excel. Результаты. Установлено, что новые эколого-географические условия не сказались отрицательно на живой массе и экстерьере животных. У коров при разведении в условиях Западной Сибири произошло уменьшение роста и ширины груди. При изучении морфологического и биохимического состава крови коров разных генераций существенных отличий по содержанию эритроцитов, лейкоцитов и гемоглобина между генерациями не выявлено. Наибольшей полиморфностью характеризовались локусы TGLA 227 и INRA 23, включающие по 10 эффективных аллелей. Уровень ожидаемой гетерозиготности обследованных локусов высокий и составляет – 0,834. Заключение. Таким образом, разведение крупного рогатого скота породы салерс в условиях Западной Сибири не сказалось отрицательно на продуктивных и биологических особенностях животных этой породы, поэтому можно рекомендовать эту породу для более широкого разведения в Западной Сибири.
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