The article examines the elements of the phytosanitary adaptive technology of potato cultivation in the conditions of the Trans-Urals. Prospective varieties of potatoes have been studied. The yield increase for new varieties varied from 3.4 t/ha Colombo to 4.9 t/ha Cavalier, due to the resistance of new varieties to diseases. The data on the protective measures taken in planting potato varieties are presented. This is the use of Akiba disinfectants (imidacloprid - 500 g/l) - 0.1 l/t and King Combi (acetamiprid + fludioxonil + cyproconazole, 100 + 34 + 8.3 g/l) - 0.4 l/t in the fight against the Colorado potato beetle and beetle larvae clickers - wireworms, and also identified the best options for integrated protection of potatoes, which made it possible to save the harvest and increase the yield from 3.9 t/ha to 9.9 t/ha for the Mia variety and from 4.0 t/ha to 11.25 t/ha for the variety Itzil. The maximum increase was found in the variants of complex protection of potatoes from pests and diseases in the conditions of the Trans-Urals. The use of new varieties and plant protection products are important elements of potato cultivation technology.
Cultivation of new varieties of potatoes is a guarantee of high yields and improvement of the phytosanitary situation. The selection of adaptive to adverse environmental factors and more productive potato varieties when growing them using phytosanitary intensive technology has been carried out. According to the purpose potato varieties are divided into table, technical, feed, and universal. Under the environments of the Kurgan region according to statistical data the potato crop in 2018 amounted to 93,6 thousand tons (111 % compared to the level of 2017) with an average yield of 22,0 t/ha. Potatoes are good feed for livestock. In terms of digestibility of organic matter (83–97 %), it as well as forage root crops, is in the fi rst place among plant feed. To feed animals are used the tubers raw or steamed form, as well as top in silage. Processed products, as well as mezga and barda are also excellent feed for livestock and other species of agricultural animals. It has been found during the comprehensive assessment of the quality of tubers that the studied potato varieties in the Central zone of the Kurgan region produce products of diff erent quality. The main prerequisites for realizing the genetic potential of the variety is its cultivation in agro ecological conditions that most fully meet the biological requirements, which allows us to identify not only the potential productivity of potato varieties, but also to determine the possibility of obtaining quality products. The best varieties for cultivation in the production conditions of JSC “Potato” in the Ketovsky district in the Kurgan region were identifi ed using intensive production technology. According to the results of the production test we can recommend Gala variety (commercial yield of 36,4 t/ha) and Bellarosa variety with commercial yield of 25,6 t/ha and one hundred percent marketability of tubers.
This article presents the results of studying the phytosanitary situation in the cultivation of 10 varieties of green pea in the Trans-Urals. We noted that the economic threshold of harmfulness by the soilborne and leaf-and-stem disease agents was crossed in the majority of the varieties. All varieties of the peas were affected by root rot above the economic threshold of damage (15%). In 2018, the level of root rot development was 55.5% on average in the varieties, or an excess of EPR by 3.7 times; and in 2019, the development of rot was 44.6% or an excess of EPR by 3 times. High rates of Fusarium blight were evident in the Zauralskiy 4, Kulon, Krepysh, and Samarius varieties, and bacterial blight in the Krepysh and Tomas varieties. Rust development varied on average over the two years from 10.5% to 16.5%, and 12% of the standard cultivar Aksayskiy Usatii 55 was affected. 11% of Samarius 13% of Agrointel and 11.5% of Zauralskiy 3 were affected. For all varieties, the development of powdery mildew was below the economic threshold of harmfulness (EPV = 15%). A higher percentage of disease development was noted in the Zauralsky 4 variety (11.0%) and in the Yamalsky 305 variety (13.5%). The productivity of the seeds treated with chemical fungicide increased 1.2-1.9 times as compared to the reference sample. The productivity growth of the seeds treated with biofungicides amounted to 1.09-1.11 times the reference. The authors recommend a pre-sowing treatment of pea seeds with preparations of symbiotrophic nitrogen fixers (such as nitragin, rhizotorfin), combined with their treatment with microelements: ammonium molybdate with 50% content of the active ingredient (250 g / t of seeds) and boric acid (250-300 g / t of seeds). Keywords: green pea, varieties, diseases, fungicide, yield.This article presents the results of studying the phytosanitary situation in the cultivation of 10 varieties of green pea in the Trans-Urals. We noted that the economic threshold of harmfulness by the soilborne and leaf-and-stem disease agents was crossed in the majority of the varieties. All varieties of the peas were affected by root rot above the economic threshold of damage (15%). In 2018, the level of root rot development was 55.5% on average in the varieties, or an excess of EPR by 3.7 times; and in 2019, the development of rot was 44.6% or an excess of EPR by 3 times. High rates of Fusarium blight were evident in the Zauralskiy 4, Kulon, Krepysh, and Samarius varieties, and bacterial blight in the Krepysh and Tomas varieties. Rust development varied on average over the two years from 10.5% to 16.5%, and 12% of the standard cultivar Aksayskiy Usatii 55 was affected. 11% of Samarius 13% of Agrointel and 11.5% of Zauralskiy 3 were affected. For all varieties, the development of powdery mildew was below the economic threshold of harmfulness (EPV = 15%). A higher percentage of disease development was noted in the Zauralsky 4 variety (11.0%) and in the Yamalsky 305 variety (13.5%). The productivity of the seeds treated with chemical fungicide increased 1.2-1.9 times as compared to the reference sample. The productivity growth of the seeds treated with biofungicides amounted to 1.09-1.11 times the reference. The authors recommend a pre-sowing treatment of pea seeds with preparations of symbiotrophic nitrogen fixers (such as nitragin, rhizotorfin), combined with their treatment with microelements: ammonium molybdate with 50% content of the active ingredient (250 g / t of seeds) and boric acid (250-300 g / t of seeds). Keywords: green pea, varieties, diseases, fungicide, yield
Bean is a valuable food plant. According to the sown area in the world, bean takes the second place after the soybeans among the cereals (about 24 million hectares). In Russia the area for it is about 53 thousand hectares. The average yield of the varieties of garden bean seeds in the South Transurals on the average for 3 years of study formed at a good level and amounted to the following varieties: Rubin – 2.31, Snezhana (Krasnodar) – 2.54, Oran – 2.12 t/ha. Vegetable bean varieties formed a good crop for the climatic zone, respectively: Moscow White (standard) – 2.75, Sobrat (Krasnodar) – 1.53, Amalthea (Krasnodar) – 1.79 t/ha; Novosibirsk vegetable bean varieties: Darina – 1.53, Solnyshko – 1.47, Viola – 1.40, Yantarnaya – 1.47 t/ha. It is established that there are varietal differences, i.e. the reaction of varieties on the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the seeds.
Under the conditions of the Trans-Urals the cultivation of varieties of field pea allows us to get high yields, not inferior to grain, provides high profitability and solves the problem of protein in animal husbandry. Its inclusion in the crop rotation contributes to the improvement of soil fertility, yield and product quality of subsequent crops. Pea seeds depending on the variety and cultivation conditions contain (in % per dry matter): 9–15 water, 18–35 protein, 46–60 nitrogen-free extractives (including 20–50 % starch, 4–10 % sugars), 0,6–1,5 fat, 2–10 fiber, 2–4 ash. The purpose of the research was to determine the economic and biological value of varieties of field pea and the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on crop yield under the conditions of the Trans-Urals. According to the results of three years of study a good level of yield was noted in the varieties recommended for cultivation in the Ural region, which includes the Kurgan region: Aksaysky Usaty 55–2,47 t/ha; Agrointel – 1,88 t/ha, Zauralsky 3–2,12 t/ha, Samarius – 2,40 t/ha. Among the new varieties the high yield was shown by the varieties Kulon – 2,75 t/ha, Yamal 305–1,94 t/ha, Chevron – 1,84 t/ha. The increase in the seed yield of pea varieties with the use of urea (N₃₀) was noted for all the studied varieties. So, for example, for Sibur 2 variety by 1,11 times, for Aksaysky Usaty 55 and Samat varieties by 1,12, for Samarius variety by 1,15 times. The use of urea and double superphosphate (N₃₀P₃₀) to obtain the maximum yield for the studied varieties of peas allowed to increase the yield for the variety Aksaysky Usaty 55 by 1,18 times, Samat and Sibur 2 by 1,17, Samarius by 1,2 times.
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