Economic and biological value of pea varieties in solving the protein problem under environment the Trans-Urals

Abstract

Under the conditions of the Trans-Urals the cultivation of varieties of field pea allows us to get high yields, not inferior to grain, provides high profitability and solves the problem of protein in animal husbandry. Its inclusion in the crop rotation contributes to the improvement of soil fertility, yield and product quality of subsequent crops. Pea seeds depending on the variety and cultivation conditions contain (in % per dry matter): 9–15 water, 18–35 protein, 46–60 nitrogen-free extractives (including 20–50 % starch, 4–10 % sugars), 0,6–1,5 fat, 2–10 fiber, 2–4 ash. The purpose of the research was to determine the economic and biological value of varieties of field pea and the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on crop yield under the conditions of the Trans-Urals. According to the results of three years of study a good level of yield was noted in the varieties recommended for cultivation in the Ural region, which includes the Kurgan region: Aksaysky Usaty 55–2,47 t/ha; Agrointel – 1,88 t/ha, Zauralsky 3–2,12 t/ha, Samarius – 2,40 t/ha. Among the new varieties the high yield was shown by the varieties Kulon – 2,75 t/ha, Yamal 305–1,94 t/ha, Chevron – 1,84 t/ha. The increase in the seed yield of pea varieties with the use of urea (N₃₀) was noted for all the studied varieties. So, for example, for Sibur 2 variety by 1,11 times, for Aksaysky Usaty 55 and Samat varieties by 1,12, for Samarius variety by 1,15 times. The use of urea and double superphosphate (N₃₀P₃₀) to obtain the maximum yield for the studied varieties of peas allowed to increase the yield for the variety Aksaysky Usaty 55 by 1,18 times, Samat and Sibur 2 by 1,17, Samarius by 1,2 times.