-The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition of vegetable and mixed crude glycerin and digestible energy to and evaluate different inclusion levels in rabbit feeding. A total of 108 rabbits were used in the digestibility assay, assigned in a completely randomized design into nine treatments, one reference diet plus eight test diets, where the glycerin types were included at levels of 4, 8, 12 and 16%, replacing the reference diet roughage. In the performance assay, 180 rabbits were assigned to a completely randomized design into a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (two types of glycerin and four levels of inclusion: 3, 6, 9 and 12%) plus a reference diet and ten replications. The vegetable and mixed crude glycerin showed digestible energy of 5,099 and 4,953 kcal/kg of dry matter, respectively. Although feed intake decreased linearly with the growing inclusion of both kinds of glycerin during both evaluated periods (from 32 to 50 and 32 to 70 days), performance losses occurred only with the inclusion of vegetable crude glycerin. The inclusion of mixed crude glycerin up to 12% allowed similar animal performance to the reference diet up to 50 days, unlike vegetable crude glycerin, for which inclusions over 6% in the diet resulted in poorer performance compared with that obtained with the reference diet. In the total period, differences were not observed for live weight or weight gain of the animals fed both glycerin types. Carcass weight decreased linearly with the inclusion of both glycerin types, with lower values compared with the reference diet only for the two highest levels of glycerin inclusion. Mixed crude glycerin can be included up to the maximum level studied (12%), while vegetable glycerin can be added up to 6% in the diet of growing rabbits.

RESUMO -O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e os parâmetros ósseos de frangos de corte alimentados com rações contendo diferentes níveis de óleo de linhaça no período de 1 a 42 dias de idade. Nas fases inicial e de crescimento(1 a 21 dias e 22 a 42 dias, respectivamente), foi adotado delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 níveis de óleo de linhaça (2,0; 3,5; 5,0 ou 6,5%), 6 repetições e 50 aves/unidade experimental. Os níveis de óleo de linhaça tiveram efeito linear crescente sobre o diâmetro e o peso absoluto da tíbia, mas não influenciaram o peso do fêmur. Os dados revelaram interação idade e nível de óleo de linhaça para o índice de Seedor, comprovando que os efeitos positivos e negativos dos maiores níveis de óleo de linhaça observados para o fêmur e a tíbia, respectivamente, aumentaram no final da fase de crescimento. Os parâmetros de crescimento e qualidade do fêmur e da tíbia apresentaram comportamento cúbico, decorrente da idade. Os níveis de óleo de linhaça e a idade tiveram efeito quadrático sobre o peso das cinzas do fêmur. A concentração de cinzas foi positivamente influenciada pelos níveis de óleo de linhaça nas rações, contudo, os melhores resultados foram evidenciados a partir dos 28 dias. A resistência óssea não foi influenciada pela ingestão de óleo de linhaça, mas sofreu efeito cúbico da idade. Verificou-se interação significativa idade × nível de óleo de linhaça para a densidade mineral óssea, e que os melhores efeitos do óleo ocorrem na fase inicial de criação das aves. Rações contendo 6,5% de óleo de linhaça são benéficas para o crescimento e a mineralização dos ossos longos de frangos de corte.Palavras-chave: cinzas, densidade mineral, fêmur, índice de Seedor, resistência à quebra, tíbia Effect of linseed oil inclusion in diets on the performance and bone parameters of broiler chickensABSTRACT -This study aimed to evaluate the performance and bone parameters of broiler chickens fed on diets with different linseed oil (LO) levels from 1 to 42 days of age. At the initial and growing phases (1 to 21 days and 22 to 42 days of age, respectively) a completely randomized design was used with four linseed oil levels (2.0, 3.5, 5.0 or 6.5%), six replicates and 50 birds per experimental unit. The birds were fed diets with different linseed oil levels (2.0; 3.5; 5.0 and 6.5%). A linear effect of linseed oil was observed on tibia absolute diameter and weight but the femur was not influenced by linseed oil inclusion in the diet. Data revealed significant interaction between age and linseed oil levels for the Seedor index, demonstrating that the positive and negative effects of the highest linseed oil levels observed for femur and tibia, respectively, increased at the end of the growth phase. The femur and tibia growth and quality parameters presented cubic performance in function of age. The inclusion of linseed oil and age showed a quadratic effect on the femur ash weight. The ash concentration was positively influenced by the levels of linseed oil in the diets but the best results ...

ResumoO objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a composição mineral, volume, resistência e densidade óptica radiográfica dos ossos longos (úmero, tíbia e fêmur) de frangos de corte de três grupos genéticos e duas densidades de alojamento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em um esquema fatorial 3 x 2, em parcelas subdivididas, sendo os fatores principais os três grupos genéticos (Isa Label JA57, Ross 308 e Hybro PG) e as duas densidades de alojamento (10 e 16 aves/ m 2 ), e as subparcelas as idades de coleta dos ossos (7 semanas), totalizando deste modo seis tratamentos com cinco repetições cada um num total de 30 unidades experimentais. Os resultados deste trabalho apontaram que não houve diferenças significativas para as características avaliadas com exceção da resistência da tíbia para o grupo Isa Label JA57. O volume ósseo apresentou-se crescente com a idade da ave; já a resistência à quebra e densidade óptica radiográfica para a maioria dos tratamentos avaliados decresceram dos 28 aos 35 dias. O teor de minerais dos ossos avaliados para todos os tratamentos mostrou-se crescente nas três primeiras semanas, decrescendo no final do período experimental. O modelo de desenvolvimento ósseo foi o mesmo para todos os grupos genéticos, apesar da densidade de criação adotada, mostrando que os frangos de corte possuem uma curva padrão de crescimento ósseo, que não é afetada pelo grupo genético ou pela densidade de criação. Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento, fêmur, frangos de corte, tíbia, úmero AbstractThe objective of this experiment was to evaluate the mineral composition, volume, bone breaking strenght and optical radiographic density of long bones (humerus, tibia and fêmur) of broiler chickens from three genetic groups and two rearing densities. The experimental design was a splitj-splot where the

 RESUMODois experimentos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de determinar a energia digestível da glicerina semipurificada vegetal e mista e o desempenho de coelhos em crescimento alimentados com dietas contendo os coprodutos. No ensaio de digestibilidade, foram utilizados 108 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, com 45 dias de idade, distribuídos ao acaso em nove tratamentos (0, 4, 8, 12 e 16% de inclusão de glicerina vegetal e mista na dieta), com 12 repetições. Para o ensaio de desempenho, utilizaram-se 180 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, dos 32 aos 70 dias de idade, distribuídos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 2 x 4 (dois tipos de glicerina e quatro porcentagens de inclusão: 3, 6, 9 e 12%) mais uma dieta referência, com 10 repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Glicerinas vegetal e mista apresentaram energia digestível de 4.048 e 3.697kcal/kg MS, respectivamente. Entre 32 e 50 dias de idade dos coelhos, a dieta com 12% de glicerina mista prejudicou (P<0,05) o ganho de peso (32,14 g/dia), a conversão alimentar (3,57) e o custo por quilo de ganho de peso (R$ 2,08) em relação à dieta referência (39,42g/dia, 2,87 e R$1,69, respectivamente). Dos 32 aos 70 dias, o ganho de peso (30,11g/dia) e a conversão alimentar (3,99) dos animais que receberam 12% de glicerina mista na dieta foram piores (P<0,05) em relação aos da dieta referência (34,00g/dia e 3,65, respectivamente). Para as características de desempenho, dos 32 aos 70 dias, não foram verificadas diferenças (P>0,05) entre a inclusão de glicerina vegetal na dieta e a dieta referência, porém a maior viabilidade econômica (P<0,05) foi com 12% de inclusão (R$1,89 x R$2,15, respectivamente). A glicerina vegetal pode ser incluída em até 12% da dieta e a mista, em até 9%, diminuindo o custo de produção sem afetar o desempenho animal.Palavras-chave: coelho, conversão alimentar, custo, ganho de peso, transesterificação catalítica (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16% of (39.42g/day, 2.87 and R$ 1.69, respectively). From 32 to 70 days, weight gain (30.11g/day) and feed conversion (3.99) of the animals fed with the diet containing 12% of mixed glycerin were worst (P<0.05) in relation to the reference diet (34.00 g/day and 3.65, respectively). ABSTRACT Two trials were conducted with the goal of determining the digestible energy of vegetal and mixed semi purified glycerin and the performance of growing rabbits fed with diets containing the byproducts. In the digestibility assay 108 New Zealand White rabbits, 45 days old, were used, assigned in a completely randomized design into nine treatments

RESUMO Dois experimentos foram realizados para determinar o valor nutritivo da silagem de grãos úmidos de milho (SGUM) e avaliar os efeitos da substituição gradativa do milho seco das rações pela ABSTRACT Digestibility and performance experiments were carried out to evaluate the nutrients digestibility coefficients of high moisture corn silage (HMCS) and the gradative replacing (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%)

This study aimed to assess the effect of stocking density of 10, 12, 14, and 16 birds m −2 on performance, carcass and cut yields, productivity, and bone development of broiler chickens Cobb 500 ® . The experimental design was completely randomized design with four treatments (stocking densities) and four replications. The assessments were performed weekly at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days. The best live weight result was found at a density of 10 birds m −2 in the period from 1 to 7 days. No effect of density was observed on feed intake and weight gain. From 1 to 14 days, the best live weights were found at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m . In the period from 1 to 21 days, live weight and weight gain were higher at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m . A difference (P < 0.05) was observed for live weight, weight gain, and feed intake of animals reared at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m −2 for the phases from 1 to 35 days and the total phase from 1 to 42 days of bird age when compared to 16 birds m −2 , which presented lower performance. However, feed conversion of 1-7, 1-14, 1-21, 1-35, and 1-42 days and carcass and cut characteristics showed no significant differences for all treatments. On the other hand, productivity was higher in the treatments with 14 and 16 birds m −2 , but without difference between each other. No interaction (P>0.05) was observed between stocking density and age for the assessed bone parameters. Similarly, no difference (P>0.05) was observed for bone development of broiler chickens reared at different stocking densities for the studied parameters. Thus, the increased density of 10 or 12 birds m −2 to 14 birds m −2 has no influence on zootechnical performance, carcass and cut yields, and bone development, but increases broiler chicken productivity reared in a conventional shed without air conditioning.

-A total of 70 five-month-old female New Zealand White rabbits were assigned in a completely randomized design, over three reproductive cycles, with two treatments: a reference diet and a half-simplified diet containing 79.83% cassava byproduct. The study evaluated body weight and feed intake of does, feed cost, number and total body weight of kits at kindling and weaning per female during three cycles, number and percentage of mortality/female/cycle, and weight gain of kits from birth to weaning. No interaction was observed between the diets and among the reproductive cycles for any evaluated characteristics. The body weight of does at the moment of weaning was similar in both groups for all three reproductive cycles.However, does fed the half-simplified diet had lower feed intake during the three reproductive cycles and, consequently, more reproductive flaws. The number of kits at weaning, body weight of kits at kindling and weaning, weight gain of kits from birth to weaning, and total body weight of kits at weaning were lower for the group of does fed the half-simplified diet and, consequently, there was a higher number and percentage of dead kits in this group. The total numbers of kits at kindling and weaning and total body weight of kits at birth during all three reproductive cycles were similar between the groups; however, total body weight of weaning rabbits was higher for the animals receiving the reference diet. It is possible to conclude that although the use of the half-simplified diet decreases the reproductive performance of does, it reduces feed cost per kg of body weight by 23.63% compared with the reference diet, proving to be a viable nutritional option for rabbit production.Key Words: cassava meal, hay from the upper third of cassava foliage, reproduction Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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