Abstract

Natural Science is basic science, which in its development wider and its application ofscience was born, namely technology. Science and technology are achieved by a nationis a benchmark for the progress of a nation. Through the process of education in elementaryschool, science has begun to be given. However, in the implementation, itraises some problems occurred and the nature of science is not in line if applicable,including: not or do not give the maximum opportunity for students to develop creativity,teaching material still feels off with the main problems that arise in the community,the process has not appeared skills in learning at school, and still conventional sciencelessons. Efforts to science education in elementary schools is indispensable to the era oftechnology in the future with respect to some aspects, namely: understanding the natureof science, know and understand the child’s developmental level, especially elementaryschool age children, relying on the theory of constructivism and developmental theoryof Jean Piaget, and apply scientific study combined with the various models of learningscience, among other constructivists, the inquiry, science process skills, STM (sciencetechnology society), integrated, interactive, learning cycle and CLIS (Children Learningin Science).

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Measurement of teacher competence through TPACK is very important to do. However, the majority of the instruments used to measure TPACK for elementary school teachers are not yet in line with the needs of the 21st Century. This study aims to develop a TPACK instrument for elementary school teachers in a valid and reliable science lesson. This study uses the ADDIE model (Analysis, Define, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation). The study sample involved 8 grade IV teachers from state and private elementary schools with A level of accreditation, spread across four sub-districts in the Surakarta region. Data analysis techniques use Pearson Correlation and Cronbach's Alpha. Research shows that there are 18 items that are declared valid and reliable. Valid is indicated by the Pearson Correlation value per question ranging from 0.504 - 0.904. Reliability is shown in the Cronbach's coefficient Alpha internal consistency value of 0.856. So that, overall, this instrument can be used to measure TPACK of elementary school teachers in the content of science lessons. This instrument can be used to map teacher competencies based on TPACK values. Furthermore, if there are some weaknesses in the 7 aspects of the TPACK, policy makers can determine the follow-up that needs to be determined to further improve the competence of elementary school teachers.

There have been many efforts to improve elementary school students’ critical thinking skills in science through various learning methods. However, only a few research results show efforts to improve critical thinking skills through HOTS-based science questions for elementary school students. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of student habituation with HOTS-based science questions in improving elementary school students’ critical thinking skills in science. Quasi-experimental methods were employed in this research with a nonequivalent control group design involving a treatment class and a control class. The treatment class gets treatment in HOTS-based science questions habituation during the learning process, while the control class in conventional approaches. A total of 60 students is from one of the elementary schools in Surakarta, Indonesia. To take data related to students’ critical thinking skills, they were given pretest and posttest where each test used HOTS-based science questions in an essay. The obtained data from the tests were then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. This study showed that the average of critical thinking skills in science of students in the experimental class was higher than the control class, with a positive mean difference of 0.4226. Based on these results, it is recommended that the results of this study can provide an overview to educational practitioners at the elementary school level and researchers in the field of science education related to efforts to improve elementary school students’ critical thinking skills in science through the habituation of HOTS-based science questions.

Literasi sains merupakan suatu kemampuan yang harus dimiliki oleh peserta didik untuk memahami lingkungan hidup dan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat. Dengan demikan, untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya literasi sains maka perlu dilakukan analisis cakupan literasi sains pada buku siswa. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis cakupan literasi sains pada buku siswa kelas V tema 4 karya Ari Subekti. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain analisis isi Teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi dokumentasi. Instrument penelitian berbentuk lembar analisis. Teknik analisis data dengan menganalisis isi buku, memberikan skor pada setiap kemunculan indikator literasi sains, menghitung persentase kesesuaian dari jumlah skor setiap indikator, menghitung rata-rata persentase skor setiap aspek literasi sains. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan uji kreadibilitas dan trianggulasi sumber. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian: aspek sains sebagai batang tubuh ilmu pengetahuan terdapat 79,16%, aspek sains sebagai jalan untuk menyelidiki terdapat 56,25%, aspek sains sebagai cara berpikir terdapat 31,25%, dan aspek sains sebagai interaksi sains, teknologi dan masyarakat terdapat 27,08%. Nilai persentase rata-rata buku yaitu 48,43%, termasuk kedalam kategori cukup. Buku lebih menekankan pada aspek sains sebagai batang tubuh ilmu pengetahuan dan tidak menekankan pada penguasaan proses, sikap, dan teknologi, sehingga tidak ada keseimbangan proporsi setiap aspek.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi yang terjadi pada materi fotosintesis dan faktor penyebab terjadinya, dengan menggunakan peta konsep pada siswa SD Negeri 1 Gatak Ngawen Klaten. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Gatak yang berjumlah 14 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tes berbasis peta konsep, wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Dengan keabsahan data diperoleh melalui triagulasi metode dan triagulasi sumber data. Hasil yang telah dilakukan menunjukan bahwa, siswa dapat mereduksi miskonsepsi menggunakan Peta Konsep ini. Konsepsi (pemahaman) paling rendah yaitu pada konsep Proses Fotosintesis membutuhkan cahaya, sedangkan konsepsi paling tinggi yaitu pada konsep Produk yang dihasilkan dari proses Fotosintesis. Sumber atau penyebab dari miskonsepsi yang dialami oleh siswa SD Negeri 1 Gatak antara lain berasal dari prakonsepsi mereka sendiri sebesar 53,54%, dan sebesar 46,46% miskonsepsi bersumber dari bahan ajar. Tambahan lain dari mereka adalah terkadang guru menjelaskan materi kepada siswa kurang bervariasi sehingga menyebabkan mereka sulit untuk memahami materi yang diajarkan oleh guru serta guru lebih cenderung suka memaparkan materi tanpa melakukan prakteknya.

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