RESUMOO tripes do prateamento, Enneothrips flavens Moulton, 1941, é considerado a principal praga do amendoim no Brasil, por sua ocorrência generalizada, pelos elevados níveis populacionais e pelos danos causados a cultura. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito do silício sobre a população de E. flavens e sobre a produtividade do amendoinzeiro. Avaliaram-se, semanalmente, 10 folíolos abertos ou semi-abertos no terço superior das plantas do cultivar IAC 886, por parcela. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por: uma aplicação foliar de silício realizada aos 20 dias após a emergência, duas aplicações foliares de silício realizadas aos 20 e 55 dias, e o controle. Uma aplicação de silício proporcionou proteção às plantas de amendoim, reduzindo o número de adultos e ninfas do tripes de E. flavens e aumentou a produtividade da cultura em 31,30% de amendoim em casca e 28,85% em grãos.Termos para indexação: Proteção de plantas, resistência induzida, táticas alternativas, amendoim. ABSTRACTThe silvering thrips, Enneothrips flavens Moulton, 1941 is considered the major pest on peanuts in Brazil, due to its widespread occurrence, high population levels, and high damage to the crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of silicon on E. flavens populations and on peanuts yield. Ten fully-opened or semi-opened leaflets per plant were sampled weekly from the peanut cultivar IAC 886. The following treatments were tested: leaf spraying of silicon at 20 days after plant emergence, two leaf spraying of silicon at 20 and 55 days, and the control check. A single silicon spraying provided protection to peanut by reducing the number of E. flavens adults and nymphs and by increasing the yield of peanut pods by 31.30% and peanut grains by 28.85%.
This study assessed the intake, total and partial apparent digestibility of nutrients, pH, ruminal ammonia concentration, nitrogen efficiency usage, and productive performance of beef cattle fed with different soybean meal replacement levels with inactive dry yeast (IDY 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 g/kg). The forage:concentrate ratio was 60:40 and the forage source was corn silage. Concentrates were formulated to comprise 220.0 g/kg CP independent of treatments. In the first experiment (EXP 1), 35 Nelore bulls with an initial average weight of 370 ± 42 kg were distributed across a completely randomized design, with five treatments and seven replicates to assess nutrient intake and performance. EXP 1 lasted 98 days and was divided into a 14-day adaptation period and three experimental periods of 28 days each. In the second experiment (EXP 2), five castrated Nelore steers with an initial average weight of 320 ± 39 kg were fistulated in the rumen and abomasum and distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design, balanced for residual effect. The purpose of this experiment was to assess the total and partial digestibility of nutrients, pH, ruminal ammonia nitrogen, and nitrogen efficiency of usage. EXP 2 lasted 90 days, divided into five experimental periods. Each period lasted 18 days and was divided into 10 days for adaptation to the diets and 8 days to collect samples. The intake of dry matter (DMI) decreased linearly (P = 0.03) with increased dietary IDY levels. Conversely, the intake of neutral detergent fiber assayed with a heat-stable amylase and corrected for ash and nitrogenous compounds [aNDFom(n)] in g/day (P = 0.043), and the g/kg body weight (P = 0.011) increased linearly as IDY was added to the concentrate. The experimental diets showed no effect (P > 0.05) on the total and partial apparent nutrient digestibility. IDY had no effect (P > 0.05) on ruminal pH, ruminal ammonia nitrogen, or dietary nitrogen efficiency. Additionally, IDY had no effect on productive performance variables, with the exception of average daily gain (ADG), which decreased linearly (P = 0.028) as IDY was added to the concentrate. IDY addition resulted in decreases
A mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci biótipo B é uma praga de grande importância econômica para muitas culturas em todo o mundo. No Brasil, especialmente no Estado da Bahia, essa praga causou perdas que variam entre 30% e 70% em cultura de algodão. Essa pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de avaliar parâmetros biológicos de B. tabaci biótipo B em genótipos de algodoeiro para verificar a possível ocorrência de antibiose como mecanismo de resistência sob condições de casa de vegetação. Os genótipos estudados foram IAC-23, Coodetec 406, BRS Aroeira, Fabrika, Coodetec 407, IAC-24, Makina, IAC 20-233, Coodetec 401 e CNPA Acala I. Foram avaliados os períodos de incubação e ninfal, o desenvolvimento total e a longevidade. Dos genótipos avaliados observou-se em Coodetec 406 maior período ninfal (14,7 dias) e IAC-23 a menor viabilidade de ninfas (30,7%), indicando a ocorrência de resistência do tipo antibiose contra essa mosca-branca.Palavras-chave: mosca-branca, Gossypium hirsutum L., resistência de plantas a insetos, antibiose. ABSTRACT BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF BEMISIA TABACI B BIOTYPE ON COTTON GENOTYPESThe silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci B biotype is an important pest of many crops throughout the world. In Brazil, specifically in the Bahia State, this insect caused losses estimated to 30-70% on cotton crops. The purpose of this research was to investigate biological parameters of the silverleaf whitefly biotype B in genotype of cotton bush to verify a possible occurrence of antibiosis as resistance mechanism cotton, under greenhouse conditions. The duration of the egg and nymphal stages, and the adult longevity of B. tabaci biotype B were evaluated in the genotypes IAC-23, Coodetec 406, BRS Aroeira, Fabrika, Coodetec 407, IAC-24, Makina, IAC 20-233, Coodetec 401 and CNPA Acala I. Among those evaluated genotypes, Coodetec 406 increased the nymph stage (14.7 days) and IAC-23 reduced the nymphal viability (30.7%), suggesting the occurrence of antibiosis against this whitefly.
Neotropical Entomology 34(5): 823-827 (2005) Cotton Crop Effects on Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) Biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Oviposition ABSTRACT -The objective of this work was to evaluate the oviposition behavior of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B in relation to leaf position, plant age, and adult density on cotton plants. The genotype IAC 22 was used to do the tests. In free-choice tests, 20, 30 and 40 day-old plants were used to evaluate age efects and 40 day-old plants to study egg distribution in the plant and on the leaf surface. In a no-choice test, 20 day-old plants were used to evaluate densities of 50, 100 and 150 adults per plant. The lobe areas on the leaf surface and apical leaves were preferred for whitefly egg laying and therefore more suitable for egg sampling in cotton plants. The 20 day-old plants were preferred for oviposition, and the densities of 100 and 150 adults per plant ensured the number of eggs enough to discriminate cotton genotypes with different whitefly resistance degrees.
The silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci B-biotype is an important pest of cotton; it affects plant vigour, transmits geminivirus and reduces lint quality. In order to evaluate the resistance of cotton genotypes, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), to the whitefly Bemisia tabaci B-biotype, both free-choice and nochoice attractiveness and non-preference for oviposition tests were carried out in a shade house, at room temperature. Low attractiveness to adults of this whitefly was observed for plants of genotypes Fabrika, CNPA Ita 90, Makina, Coodetec 407, and IAC 01-639 CPA 02-24, which may represent a resistance component of these genetic materials to the insect. Genotypes BRS Aroeira, Coodetec 406, Fabrika, and Coodetec 401 presented the non-preference-for-oviposition type of resistance in the free-choice and nochoice tests. The numbers of trichomes and gossypol glands per cm 2 were not suitable to evaluate nonpreference for oviposition of whitefly adults on cotton genotypes. Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum L., Aleyrodidae, insecta, silverleaf whitefly, host plant resistance ATRATIVIDADE DE ADULTOS E PREFERÊNCIA PARA OVIPOSIÇÃO DE Bemisia tabaci (GENN.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) BIÓTIPO B EM GENÓTIPOS DE ALGODOEIRORESUMO: Considerada importante praga do algodoeiro, a mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci biótipo B pode através de sua alimentação, diminuir o vigor das plantas, trasmitir vírus e prejudicar a qualidade da fibra. Visando avaliar a resistência de genótipos de algodoeiro, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), à mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci biótipo B, realizaram-se testes de atratividade e não-preferência para oviposição, com e sem chance de escolha, em telado, a temperatura ambiente. Verificou-se baixa atratividade das plantas dos genótipos Fabrika, CNPA Ita 90, Makina, Coodetec 407 e IAC 01-639 CPA 02-24 a adultos dessa mosca-branca, o que pode representar um componente de resistência destes materiais genéticos ao inseto. Os genótipos BRS Aroeira, Coodetec 406, Fabrika e Coodetec 401 apresentaram resistência do tipo não-preferência para oviposição, nos testes com e sem chance de escolha. Os números de tricomas e de glândulas de gossipol por cm 2 não foram adequados para se avaliar a não-preferência para oviposição de adultos da mosca-branca em genótipos de algodoeiro. Palavras-chave: Gossypium hirsutum L., Aleyrodidae, insecta, mosca-branca, resistência de plantas a insetos
ResumoA soja é um produto agrícola relevante para a economia do Brasil, mas sua produtividade é reduzida pelo ataque da lagarta Anticarsia gemmatalis. No controle, é necessário consolidar pesquisas com alternativas não químicas, destacando-se a resistência de plantas, importante ferramenta do MIP. Para tanto, este trabalho avaliou a atratividade e a não preferência alimentar, com e sem chance de escolha, de lagartas de primeiro instar A. gemmatalis por folhas de diferentes cultivares de soja. Os testes foram realizados em câmara climatizada a 27± 1°C, UR de 70±10% e fotofase de 14 horas. Foram utilizadas as cultivares BRS 284 (convencional), Anta 82 RR, P98Y77 RR, NA 7321 RR, BRS Valiosa RR, SYN 1182 RR, M-SOY 8527 RR, SYN 9070 RR, AS 8197 RR e M-SOY 8867 RR. Utilizou-se do sistema de arena para a realização dos testes em placas de Petri, com dez repetições. Em cada repetição, foram liberadas quinze lagartas de primeiro instar de A. gemmatalis. Para avaliar a atratividade, contou-se o número de lagartas atraídas em cada cultivar ao longo de 60 minutos após a liberação, enquanto a não preferência para alimentação foi avaliada após 24 horas. Avaliou-se também o consumo foliar das lagartas nas diferentes cultivares, um dia após a liberação dos insetos, utilizando-se do Software de análise foliar AFSoft® v1.1. Os resultados demonstraram que as cultivares de soja P8Y77RR, M-SOY8867RR apresentaram menor atratividade, não preferência para alimentação e consumo foliar por lagartas de A. gemmatalis, em teste com chance de escolha. Em teste sem chance de escolha, as cultivares, SYN 9070 RR e SYN 1182 RR foram menos preferidas e consumidas por lagartas de A. gemmatalis, e as cultivares de soja P8Y77RR, M-SOY8867RR, SYN 9070 RR e SYN 1182 RR possuem resistência do tipo não preferência à lagarta de A. gemmatalis.Palavras-chave adicionais: consumo foliar; Glycine max; resistência de plantas; sistema de arena. AbstractSoybean is a relevant agricultural commodity in Brazil economy but its productivity is seriously jeopardized by the caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis. For the proper control of this pest, research work results pointing non-chemical solutions for the problem, specially those indicating plant resistance as an important tool for the integrated management of pests, should be consolidated. Having that in mind, this study evaluated the attractivity and the feeding non-preference with and without choosing opportunity of Anticarsia gemmatalis first intar caterpillar for leaves of different soybean cultivars. The
An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil 28(4): 739-744 (1999) Resistance of Cotton Genotypes to Alabama argillacea (Huebner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): I -Nonpreference ABSTRACT -The mechanism of resistance (nonpreference) of cotton genotypes (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to the cotton leafworm, Alabama argillacea (Huebner, 1818) was studied. Oviposition nonpreference in field (15 genotypes) and cages (six genotypes) were evaluated in free choice and no choice tests. The eggs present in the upper third of the plants were counted. Feeding nonpreference was evaluated with leaf disks, under laboratory conditions, using the genotypes CNPA 9211-21, CNPA 9211-31, JPM 157, STO 285 N, T 953-13-4-2 and T 1122-13-1, and first and third instar larvae, with twenty replications. Nonpreference was measured through dry weight consumption. No oviposition preference was found among the studied genotypes. The CNPA 9211-31 genotype was less consumed by small larvae, thus indicating that the feeding nonpreference mechanism of resistance to A. argillacea is present in this genotype.KEY WORDS: Insecta, Gossypium hirsutum, host plant resistance, antixenosis.RESUMO -Avaliou-se a preferência para oviposição e alimentação de Alabama argillacea (Huebner, 1818) por genótipos de algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Em condições de campo, os genótipos avaliados foram: IAC 21, CNPA 2H, CNPA 7H, HR 21 T 16, HR 102, JPM 157, STO 285 N, SU 0450,-2 e T 1122-13-1. Efetuou-se a contagem de ovos em 10 folhas/parcela, amostrandose o terço superior de 10 plantas. Paralelamente, foram conduzidos dois ensaios, com e sem chance de escolha, com os genótipos CNPA 9211-21, CNPA 9211-31, JPM 157, STO 285 N, T 953-13-4-2 e T 1122-13-1, plantados em vasos, no interior de telados. Os ensaios de preferência para alimentação foram efetuados
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