The silverleaf whitefly is one of most important pests of tomato (Lycopersicon spp.). The use of host plant resistance to control this insect is an interesting, potentially useful technique, but in demand of more research. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the oviposition non-preference of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) biotype B for different tomato plant genotypes, evaluating the correlation between oviposition preference and pubescence in the genotypes, and analyzing the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Lycopersicon pennellii leaflets under the scanning electron microscope. Four wild tomato genotypes, LA 716 (L. pennellii); PI 127826 and PI 127827 (L. hirsutum); PI 134417 (L. hirsutum f. glabratum), and two commercial genotypes, Santa Clara and Bruna VFN hybrid (L. esculentum) were evaluated for number of eggs cm-2 in free and no-choice oviposition tests, using randomized block design and completely randomized design, respectively. The number of trichome was measured in 4 mm² and coefficients of correlation between number of trichomes and number of eggs were calculated. The wild genotypes LA 716 and PI 134417 were less preferred showing oviposition nonpreference resistance type in both tests. The Bruna VFN and Santa Clara were more preferred in free-choice test, while wild genotypes PI 127826 and PI 127827 were more preferred in no-choice test. L. pennellii leaflets presented glandular trichomes type IV in both surfaces. Santa Clara genotype presented higher density of trichomes, and B. tabaci biotype B presented higher preference to oviposition.

Biodegradable nanoparticles have been widely explored as carriers for controlled delivery of therapeutic molecules; however, studies describing the development of nanoparticles as carriers for biopesticide products are few. In this work, a new method to prepare nanoparticles loaded with neem (Azadirachta indica) extracts is presented. In this study, nanoparticles were formulated as colloidal suspension and (spray-dried) powder and characterized by evaluating pH, particle size, zeta potential, morphology, absolute recovery, and entrapment efficiency. A high-performance liquid chromatography method was used for nanoparticle characterization. The best formulations presented absolute recovery and entrapment efficiencies of approximately 100% and a release profile based on swelling and relaxation of the polymer or polymer erosion. The biological data of the formulated products against Plutella xylostella showed 100% larval mortality. The nanoparticle information improved the stability of neem products against ultraviolet radiation and increased their dispersion in the aqueous phase.

Avaliou-se o efeito de extratos aquosos de Achillea millefolium L. (folhas), Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (folhas), Bidens pilosa L. (folhas, frutos e ramos), Bougainvillea glabra Choisy (folhas), Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (folhas, frutos e ramos), Datura suaveolens Humb & Bonpl. ex. Willd (folhas), Enterolobium contortisilliquum (Vell.) Morong (frutos), Mentha crispa L. (folhas e ramos), Nicotiana tabacum L. (folhas), Piper nigrum L. (folhas), Plumbago capensis Thunb. (folhas e ramos), Pothomorphe umbellata L. (folhas), Sapindus saponaria L. (folhas), S. saponaria (frutos), Solanum cernuum Vell. (folhas), Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart) Coville (casca), Symphytum officinale L. (folhas), Trichilia catigua A. Juss. (folhas), T. catigua (ramos), Trichilia pallida Sw. (folhas) e T. pallida (ramos), em relação à preferência para oviposição de Plutella xylostella. Discos de folhas de couve (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) cultivar Georgia foram imersos em cada extrato à concentração de 10% (massa/volume) por um minuto. Em seguida, foram divididos em quatro partes iguais e duas partes foram colocadas alternadamente com outras duas partes tratadas com água destilada, em uma gaiola. A contagem dos ovos foi feita após 24 horas. Os extratos apresentaram efeito deterrente na oviposição da praga, com exceção do extrato de S. adstringens, que não diferiu da testemunha, tratada apenas com água destilada. Os extratos de E. contortisilliquum, S. saponaria (frutos) e T. pallida (folhas) foram os mais eficientes, apresentando 100% de deterrência.

No abstract

The association of insect-resistant plants with biological control is important in integrated management to reduce the density of pests below the economic injury level. The behavior, development, and prédation of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas, 1851) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) were studied with the prey Spodoptera frugiperda (J, E. Smith, 1797) fed on the leaves of the cotton cultivars 'NuOpal' (transgenic), 'DeltaOpal,' 'EMX 910,' 'EMX 993,' or 'FMX 996' (conventional). The attraction of P. nigrispinus to S. frugiperda larvae fed on different cotton cultivars was similar. The prédation of nymphs and adults, and the life cycle of the P. nigrispinus predator were higher for S. frugiperda larvae fed on the NuOpal; however, the total viability of P, nigrispinus was lower when predating on S. frugiperda fed the NuOpal. S, frugiperda acquires toxins from transgenic cotton, which can affect its natural predator P. nigrispinus.

-The flavonoid rutin is recognized as playing an important role in the protection of plants against lepidopterans. Bioassays with this compound are generally carried out using artificial diets. Proteins of high energy value, such as casein, are important ingredients of insect artificial diets as a source of essential amino acids. However, such proteins can generally increase the allelochemical activity. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of rutin on larvae of the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner by incorporating this allelochemical into diets with different concentrations of casein. Three casein concentrations (0, 7 g, or 14 g) combined with none, 0.65%, or 1.30% of rutin were added to the rearing diet and offered to the larvae from hatching to pupation. Rutin negatively affected larval development, the amount of food consumed, and pupal weight of A. gemmatalis. These negative effects were clearly seen in insects fed on diets with 7 g of casein to which any concentration of rutin was added. The effects of rutin when added to the diets without casein were stronger than in diets containing a suitable amount of casein (14 g). The greater negative effects of rutin in diets containing suboptimal concentrations of casein indicate that casein can increase the effects of rutin only when the diets are nutritionally unsuitable for insect development.

Com a finalidade de buscar meios alternativos para o controle de Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), este trabalho teve por objetivo, determinar os tipos de resistência envolvidos em genótipos de feijoeiro ao seu ataque. Foram realizados testes sem e com chance de escolha utilizando o delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizados, com quatro e cinco repetições, respectivamente, com amostras de 10g de grãos. Em teste sem chance de escolha foram amostrados os parâmetros número total de ovos, número de ovos viáveis, viabilidade de ovos, peso seco do alimento consumido, ciclo biológico de ovo a adulto, número e porcentagem de insetos emergidos, e peso e longevidade de fêmeas e machos. Para o teste com chance de escolha, avaliou-se o número de insetos atraídos pelos genótipos, número total de ovos e número de ovos por fêmea. Com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o genótipo Preto 143 apresenta resistência do tipo não-preferência para oviposição em teste com chance de escolha; e, os genótipos 2374, 2395, 2174, 133 e 155, apresentaram resistência do tipo não-preferência para alimentação e/ou antibiose.

RESUMO -Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a infestação da mosca-negra-dos-citros em pomares de citros, em sistemas de plantio convencional e agroflorestal. A área experimental está localizada no município de Capitão Poço-PA, onde foram realizadas 12 amostragens durante o período de setembro de 2008 a outubro de 2009, avaliando a presença ou a ausência da praga nas laranjeiras, em ambos os sistemas de produção. Pelos resultados obtidos, observou-se que o sistema de plantio agroflorestal apresentou maior incidência de plantas com presença de mosca-negra-dos-citros comparado ao convencional, houve influência da temperatura na regulação da população da praga, e precipitações elevadas reduziram o número de plantas com presença de A. woglumi. Termos para indexação: Aleyrodidae, Citrus sinensis, Insecta, SAF's, Tectona grandis, Aleurocanthus woglumi. INFESTATION OF CITRUS BLACKFLY IN CITRUS ORCHARDS CONVENTIONAL AND AGROFORESTRYABSTRACT-The purpose of this study was to evaluate the infestation of citrus blackfly in a citrus orchard in conventional tillage systems and agroforestry. The experimental area is located in the municipality of Capitão Poço, PA, where 12 samples were taken during the period from September 2008 to October 2009, evaluating the presence or absence of the pest in both production systems. The results showed that the system of agroforestry plantation showed higher incidence of plants with presence of citrus blackfly compared to the conventional, there was influence of temperature on the regulation of pest population and heavy rain reduced the number of plants with presence of A.woglumi.