Enfrentando o racismo nos serviços de saúde

Abstract

The importance of the information race/color (color category) in evincing racial inequalities in health and in policy-making is the topic of this article.We start with the assumption that race/color, social class, gender and generation and structuring forces in our society which interfere in health, disease and death outcomes 1 and that one strategy for facing these inequities is to advance equity-promoting policies within a systemic, universal policy.In the 1970s and 1980s, the academic production, by establishing the relationship between social rights, citizenship and health, was anchored in the pillars of the social class concept in order to evince the relationship between population and health, morbimortality and its class, socioeconomic and cultural differences, established in time, space, individuals and populations 2,3 .In the 1990s, reflections on the demography of inequalities emerged as a new object of study in the public health field. With this, categories of gender, homosexuality, heterosexuality, identities and health 4 , as well as the social construction of risk associated with socially constructed power relations and hierarchies 5 , also became a focus of investigation. But, if we are discussing socially-determined power relations and hierarchies, how were inequalities within inequalities configured? Were there differences in health outcomes among women from different social classes and races? What relation is there between gender, class, race/color and health?To Saffioti 6 (p. 9), these elements make up a tight knot, an image used to simultaneously show "... the symbiosis between racism, sexism and social classes, and also leave open the possibility of tugging on one or another of the strands that compose it in order to carry out a more than accurate scrutiny".In the 1990s, leaders from the black movement, based on the theoretical assumptions of public health and on the indicators which show gender and race/color inequalities, began to question the relationship between racism and health, urging the public health administration to include the race/ color category in the health information systems.This inclusion first took place in São Paulo City (Ordinance n. 696/90 7 ). In 1996, the color category was included in the Brazilian Ministry of Health's Mortality Information and Live-Births Information Systems (Ordinance n. 3,947/98 8 ). The history of this implementation is described in Adorno et al. 9 .The presence of the information on race/color, color category, in the mortality and live-births information systems made it possible to study differences in mortality and morbidity according to sex, age and race/color 10,11,12,13 . The resulting epidemiological data evince racial inequalities in the PERSPECTIVAS PERSPECTIVES

Aspectos epidemiológicos do HIV na população masculina de Alagoas entre 2008-2018

“…Tal é resultado é devido a uma maior autodeclaração como parda da população afetada com HIV em Alagoas 19 . Contudo, não pode ser deixado de lado a proporção em que raça, classe social, gênero e geração interferem nos sistemas de saúde bem como no processo de adoecimento e morte no Brasil 20 . Prova disso são os números estudados no período, mostrando que a população negra está mais a mercê da falta de cuidados em saúde, isso leva a uma indagação, pois, de acordo com dados do Departamento de Doenças e Condições Crônicas e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis do Ministério da Saúde, até 1996, as doenças ocorriam na população negra devido à sua condição de vida, ou seja, por ser pobre, mas não pelo racismo institucionalizado no sistema de saúde.…”

Perfil dos pacientes atendidos na clínica de odontopediatria de uma universidade privada de Curitiba, PR, Brasil

“…O ocorrido ressalta a existência de iniquidades em saúde bucal, que se manifestam desde a infância, assim como o acesso desigual ao tratamento dentário entre crianças brancas e crianças negras e pardas 16,17 , e também as diferenças sociodemográficas como fatores associados à experiência de cárie 1 . O acesso aos serviços de saúde por parte da população negra no Brasil é reforçado por dados que indicam que o tratamento odontológico é mais acessível para a população branca 18,19 .…”

Educação e Saúde em disputa: movimentos anti-igualitários e políticas públicas

“…Anti-egalitarian groups act on such disenchantment, mostly by building a moral grammar that acts against egalitarian and inclusive public policy proposals; in other words, against the very guidelines of SUS. Perceiving this type of action, sensible researchers such as Batista and Barros 23 , who analyze racism in healthcare services, signal conservative forces' advances in attacking civil rights, especially the rights of Black and indigenous people, women, gay men, lesbians, bisexuals, , and trans* people. The authors synthesize the offensive strategies of these anti-egalitarian groups and their modes of acting by exploiting moral tensions in order to attack SUS.…”