Introduction. The harmonious development of cognitive processes is a prerequisite for students’ successful mastering of the educational program. The aim of the study is to give a psychophysiological characteristic of the peculiarities of the formation of cognitive functions in senior students. Materials and methods. The study of the functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) by the process of variational chronoreflexometry was carried out in 300 senior pupils of the traditional general education school; the assessment of cognitive abilities and intellectual level development was evaluated by using computer tests. Results. Pupils of the 9th and 11th grades were shown to have no significant differences in the CNS functional indices. In contrast, the CNS functional level was 1.6-1.7 times lower than the physiological norm. The nervous reaction’s stability was 1.3 -1.4 times, the level of functionality of the formed functional system was 1.3 times. The decrease in the level of CNS functioning of the studied adolescents was due to the consumption of reserve functional capabilities of the central nervous system and the body as a whole for the formation of cognitive functions, as evidenced by the development of verbal and non-verbal thinking in students from the 9th to the 11th grade, high speed of thinking processes, voluntary attention and its stability. It was proved that the development of thinking contributed to the formation of voluntary attention, an increase in its stability, and the degree of concentration, confirmed by the established correlation of moderate strength between the accuracy index and the level of formation of various types of thinking (r = 0,4). Conclusion. The established features of students’ intellectual development during a three-year study can be taken into account when organizing the educational process in traditional educational institutions to increase the level of cognitive development and academic performance of students.
The article presents data showing the effect of environmental factors on the prevelence of autoimmune disorders, the example of alopecia areata. The results of mathematical modeling of the formation of this dermatosis prevalence depending on the content of zinc, copper, nickel, chromium and lead in the environment were described. It was found that an increase in the content of these metals in the soil increases the likelihood of the formation of high levels of incidence of alopecia areata. However, the content of the same metals in the air has no effect on the formation of prevelence of this autoimmune skin disease. Using data on the content of zinc, copper, nickel, chromium and lead in the soil developed logit-model allows us to predict the prevalence rates of alopecia areata and make appropriate management decisions.
The role of trace elements (TEs) and their imbalance in the physiology of bone tissue and in the development of inflammatory diseases of the joints and spine has been discussed in recent years; however, there is no evidence for the TE status of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and its possible impact on the course of the disease.Objective: to investigate the impact of the TE status of patients with AS on the course, clinical manifestations, and activity of the disease.Patients and methods. Examinations were made in 58 patients (39 men and 19 women), residents of the Orenburg Region, with a reliable diagnosis of AS, the duration of which was 16 [11; 26] years. The patients’ mean age was 38 [31; 48] years. HLA-B27 antigen was detected in 91.4% of cases. In addition to the generally accepted examination, atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine the hair levels of 9 TEs: Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, and Cd in all the patients.Results and discussion. The AS patients living in the Orenburg Region showed TE imbalance manifested by Cu and Zn deficiency and Ni, Cr, and Mn accumulation in the hair. Multidirectional correlations were found between the values of these TEs and the presence of extra-axial (peripheral arthritis, dactylitis) and extra-skeletal (uveitis) manifestations of AS, its activity, and severity of functional disorders.Conclusion. The preliminary results may suggest that the emerging imbalance of TEs can affect the course of AS, maintaining and increasing its activity.
Goal. To study and analyze the relationship of autoimmune diseases of the skin to sex and age. Materials and methods. Study of the relationship of autoimmune of skin diseases to sex and age was performed using contingency table analysis methods, which included the implementation of Pearson x2 to test the hypothesis of independence of the two nominal attributes, calculation of standardized residual values, mapping the relevant category attributes using the method of correspondence analysis, calculation of coefficients of communication Pearson, Chuprova and Kramer. Differences were recognized to be statistically significant at the observed level of significance p < 0,05. In the analysis of standardized residuals were established the following conditions: if the absolute value of the standardized residuals ≥ 2, it was considered that the differences between the observed and expected frequencies are statistically significant at the 0,05 level, if standardized residue ≥ 2,6 the differences are significant at 0,01, if the residue standardized ≥ 3,3 the differences are significant at the 0,001 level. Results. Autoimmune skin diseases linked to sex and age of patients. Vitiligo is associated with male sex, localized scleroderma with women. Sex as a biological factor does not affect the appearance of alopecia areata, lupus erythematosus and bullous dermatosis. Age has in general a greater influence on the formation of autoimmune dermatoses. Alopecia areata is associated in the age period 0-14 and 30-44 years, vitiligo with age period 18-29 years, bullous dermatosis linked to the age group 60 years and older. Conclusion. Sex and age have a differential impact on the formation of autoimmune dermatoses, as biological risk factors of their formation.
In the model experiment on C57BL /6 mice there were established features of the impact of heavy metals and chelators of essential metals on proliferation and apoptosis of epithelial skin cells (keratinocytes). For the execution of a study 40 test animals were divided into seven experimental and 1 control groups, each consisted of five animals. The proliferative and apoptotic activity of keratinocytes was determined by the immunohistochemical method and evaluated by calculating the proliferation index and the index of apoptosis in the cells of the surface epithelium and the epithelial cells of hair follicles in the late anagen stage. Comparative analysis of the proliferation index of the control group and experimental groups showed administration of zinc sulfate, sodium dichromate and zinc chelator (N, N, N`, N`-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine) to animals to give rise in a statistically significant increase in the proliferative activity of keratinocytes. The decline of proliferation index was detected in animals treated with lead acetate and copper chelator (ammonium tetrathiomolybdate). Introduction of an iron chelator (deferoxamine) had no effect on the proliferative activity of keratinocytes in experimental animals. Induction of apoptosis of epithelial cell was noted under the administration of nickel sulfate, sodium dichromate, lead acetate and zinc chelator (N, N, N`, N`-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine) to animals. In mice received deferoxamine zinc sulfate and apoptotic activity of keratinocytes has not changed. The use of cluster analysis allowed to classify substances administered to experimental animals, taking into account their simultaneous effect on the studied cellular processes. Lead acetate, iron chelator (deferoxamine) and copper chelator (ammonium tetrathiomolybdate) were shown to reduce the proliferative activity of keratinocytes and have little effect on apoptosis of the epithelial cells of the skin. Zinc sulfate, nickel sulfate, sodium dichromate and zinc chelator (N, N, N`, N`-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine) activate cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of keratinocytes.
The active transformation of the higher professional education system from a traditional form of education to a digital educational environment has created new health risks for students. The article presents the results of a hygienic assessment of factors of the intra-University environment, organization of the educational process and lifestyle during school and extracurricular time. The data obtained indicate that the priority adverse factors associated with vision are a high level of educational visual and intellectual loads, the intensity of the educational process, which is formed mainly due to sensory loads, a low level of natural and artificial lighting, non-compliance of the placement of educational furniture with hygienic requirements in practical classes and lecture halls; as well as high visual loads in students during extracurricular time when preparing for classes for more than 4 hours using computers, electronic gadgets, visiting social networks via mobile phones more than five times a day (the average duration of one session on the Internet is from 5 to 10 minutes for every third student; 38.1 % of students spent 30 to 60 minutes on one session on the Internet), playing on various gadgets and computers against the background of a lack of night sleep, walking in the open air, low motor activity and adherence to Smoking and alcohol consumption. The identified risk factors associated with vision determined the high prevalence of myopia among the subjects, which was 295 cases per 1000 examined.
The article presents data on the features of functional reserves, the level of biological adaptation, mental performance of students by the profession driller. We found that more than half of the adolescents had reduced adaptive reserves of varying severity. Thus, the level of functional reserves, which was reduced relative to the physiological norm, was noted in 89 % of the 1st year, 83.4 % in the 2nd year and 93.3 % in the 3rd year students. In parallel, there was the growth trend to the 3rd year of study from the students number with reduced performance (from 27.6 % to 33.3 %) and an increase by 1.6 times of the students number with a significantly reduced level of performance.
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