Introduction. The harmonious development of cognitive processes is a prerequisite for students’ successful mastering of the educational program. The aim of the study is to give a psychophysiological characteristic of the peculiarities of the formation of cognitive functions in senior students. Materials and methods. The study of the functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) by the process of variational chronoreflexometry was carried out in 300 senior pupils of the traditional general education school; the assessment of cognitive abilities and intellectual level development was evaluated by using computer tests. Results. Pupils of the 9th and 11th grades were shown to have no significant differences in the CNS functional indices. In contrast, the CNS functional level was 1.6-1.7 times lower than the physiological norm. The nervous reaction’s stability was 1.3 -1.4 times, the level of functionality of the formed functional system was 1.3 times. The decrease in the level of CNS functioning of the studied adolescents was due to the consumption of reserve functional capabilities of the central nervous system and the body as a whole for the formation of cognitive functions, as evidenced by the development of verbal and non-verbal thinking in students from the 9th to the 11th grade, high speed of thinking processes, voluntary attention and its stability. It was proved that the development of thinking contributed to the formation of voluntary attention, an increase in its stability, and the degree of concentration, confirmed by the established correlation of moderate strength between the accuracy index and the level of formation of various types of thinking (r = 0,4). Conclusion. The established features of students’ intellectual development during a three-year study can be taken into account when organizing the educational process in traditional educational institutions to increase the level of cognitive development and academic performance of students.
Objectives to identify the specific features of central nervous and respiratory systems functioning in pupils of last grades in secondary school in conditions of high intensity of educational work. Material and methods. The study assessed the intensity of the educational process in a multidisciplinary lyceum for more able learners and a secondary school for general education in accordance with the Federal Recommendations "Hygienic assessment of the intensity of students' educational activities". In both educational institutions, the observation groups were formed from pupils of grades 9th and 10th. The first group consisted of 200 children from the lyceum specializing in education of gifted learners. The second group included 200 children from a traditional secondary education school. The functional state of central nervous system was evaluated by the method of variational chronoreflexometry. The state of respiratory system was assessed using the spirography method. Results. In conditions of pronounced tension of the educational process (class 3.1), in the pupils of a multidisciplinary lyceum the level of nervous reaction was stabilized, the ability of the central nervous system to form an intra - and intersystem adaptation was increased in comparison with the corresponding data of general secondary school pupils who were studying with the optimal educational workload(class 1). These results can testify the sufficient training status of nervous processes as a result of intense cognitive activity underlined by the harmonious development of systems that ensure functioning of the central nervous system in an operational mode. Conclusion. The study results can be useful for educational institutions specializing in teaching students with increased educational abilities. We suppose that the introduction of techniques for the development of operational indicators of central nervous system into the educational process might ensure high intellectual achievements.
Introduction. The possibility of increasing the efficiency of secondary general education by increasing the volume of educational loads and intensifying intellectual work in institutions specializing in teaching gifted and talented children has actualized the problem of the correspondence of educational loads to the functional capabilities of the student’s body. The aim of the study is to identify the features of the physiological reactions of the organism of students with different mental abilities to the training load. Materials and methods. The management of the educational process, the mode of the school day and the functional state of school-significant systems were assessed for students with high mental abilities, studying in the senior grades of a multidisciplinary Lyceum (n = 250) and students of a traditional school (n = 274) with an average level of mental abilities. Results. In comparison with the traditional school in the Lyceum for gifted children, an excess of the permissible level of the total weekly educational load, its irrational distribution during the school day and week, an intense level of intellectual, emotional and sensory loads, an intensive mode of work, characterized by a high workload of students with elective classes and homework, tasks. Under conditions of intense learning activity among students with increased mental abilities relative to these students of the comparison group, an increase in the level of mental performance was revealed due to stabilization of the nervous reaction and an increase in the functional capabilities of the nervous system; improvement of the functional state of the respiratory system; an increase of up to 1.6 times the number of students with good biological adaptation and a decrease of up to 1.5 times the number of subjects with a breakdown in adaptation. limitations. The sample of students with higher mental abilities presented from one public education institution for gifted children in the Orenburg region characterizes only the regional component, which does not allow considering the results obtained for all representatives of this group from other regions of the country. Conclusion. Thus, against the background of an increase in the volume and intensity of training loads in students with an average level of intelligence, there was established the formation of optimal mental performance, improving the functional state of the respiratory system, increasing in due to the stabilization of the nervous reaction and increasing the functionality of the nervous system; improvement of the functional state of the respiratory system, an increase by 1.6 times in the number of students with satisfactory biological adaptation and a decrease in the number of students with a breakdown in adaptation by 1.5 times. It has been established that under the conditions of their intensification of learning, students with increased mental abilities formed the best academic result, however, the failure of adaptive capabilities in every fifth subject with a high level of intellectual potential indicated that the body of students is functioning at the limit of their psychophysiological capabilities, which determines the need for the introduction an additional health-preserving component in the educational process of the lyceum with the aim of correcting students of the “risk group”.
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