Ratio of Processes of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in the Skin Under Exposure to Heavy Metal Salts and Chelators of Essential Metals

Abstract

In the model experiment on C57BL /6 mice there were established features of the impact of heavy metals and chelators of essential metals on proliferation and apoptosis of epithelial skin cells (keratinocytes). For the execution of a study 40 test animals were divided into seven experimental and 1 control groups, each consisted of five animals. The proliferative and apoptotic activity of keratinocytes was determined by the immunohistochemical method and evaluated by calculating the proliferation index and the index of apoptosis in the cells of the surface epithelium and the epithelial cells of hair follicles in the late anagen stage. Comparative analysis of the proliferation index of the control group and experimental groups showed administration of zinc sulfate, sodium dichromate and zinc chelator (N, N, N`, N`-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine) to animals to give rise in a statistically significant increase in the proliferative activity of keratinocytes. The decline of proliferation index was detected in animals treated with lead acetate and copper chelator (ammonium tetrathiomolybdate). Introduction of an iron chelator (deferoxamine) had no effect on the proliferative activity of keratinocytes in experimental animals. Induction of apoptosis of epithelial cell was noted under the administration of nickel sulfate, sodium dichromate, lead acetate and zinc chelator (N, N, N`, N`-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine) to animals. In mice received deferoxamine zinc sulfate and apoptotic activity of keratinocytes has not changed. The use of cluster analysis allowed to classify substances administered to experimental animals, taking into account their simultaneous effect on the studied cellular processes. Lead acetate, iron chelator (deferoxamine) and copper chelator (ammonium tetrathiomolybdate) were shown to reduce the proliferative activity of keratinocytes and have little effect on apoptosis of the epithelial cells of the skin. Zinc sulfate, nickel sulfate, sodium dichromate and zinc chelator (N, N, N`, N`-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine) activate cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of keratinocytes.