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Objective: to analyze the in-hospital and long-term outcomes of classical carotid endarterectomy (CEE) in extended atherosclerotic lesions in comparison with the outcomes of this operation in local atherosclerotic plaque (AP). Materials and Methods. This study, which lasted from January 2010 to December 2020, included 148 patients with extended AP and hemodynamically significant internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. The term “extended” was understood as a hemodynamically significant lesion ≥ 5 cm long. These patients made up Group 1. Group 2 was formed over the same period of time from 632 patients with hemodynamically significant stenosis <5 cm long. In both cohorts, CEE with repair of the reconstruction zone with a diepoxide-treated xenopericardial patch was performed. Long-term follow-up was 71.4 ± 45.6 months. Results. The groups were comparable in terms of frequency of in-hospital complications: death (group 1: 0.67%, n = 1; group 2: 0.5%, n = 3; p = 0.74; OR = 1.42; 95% Cl 0.14-13.6), myocardial infarction (MI) (group 1: 0.67%, n = 1; group 2: 0.5%, n = 3; p = 0.74; OR = 1.42; 95% CI 0.14-13.6), ischemic stroke (group 1: 0%; group 2: 0.5%, n = 3; p = 0.91; OR = 0.6; 95% CI 0.03-11.8), combined endpoint (death + MI + stroke) (group 1: 1.35%, n = 2; group 2: 1.4%, n = 9; p = 0.74; OR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.2-4.43). The groups were also comparable in terms of frequency of long-term complications: death (group 1: 2.0%, n = 3; group 2: 2.05%, n = 13; p = 0.76; OR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.27-3.5), MI (group 1: 2.7%, n = 4; group 2: 2.4%, n = 15; p = 0.95; OR = 1.14; 95% CI 0.37-3.49), ischemic stroke (group 1: 5.4%, n = 8; group 2: 5.2%, n = 33; p = 0.9; OR = 1.03; 95% CI 0.46-2.29), ICA occlusion and restenosis (group 1: 12.8%, n = 19; group 2: 13.3%, n = 84; p = 0.99; OR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.56-1.63), combined endpoint (death + MI + stroke) (group 1: 10.1%, n = 15; group 2: 9.6%, n = 61; p = 0.98; OR = 1.05; 95% CI 0.58-1.91). Analysis of survival graphs revealed no significant intergroup differences for all types of complications (lethal outcome: p = 0.56; MI: p = 0.73; stroke/mini-stroke: p = 0.89; ICA restenosis/occlusion: p = 0.82; combined end point: p = 0.71). Their increase was uniform in both groups. However, more than half of all ICA restenoses and occlusions were visualized in the first 6 months after CEE. Conclusion. Implantation of a long patch (≥ 5 cm) is not characterized by increased incidence of restenosis and all adverse cardiovascular events during in-hospital and long-term follow-up.
The article describes a computer modeling technique that allows predicting the development of restenosis of the internal carotid artery after carotid endarterectomy (CEE). A clinical case has been demonstrated that proves the effectiveness of the developed method. It is indicated that for the correct formation of the geometric model, data from multispiral computed tomography with angiography of the patient after CEE with a layer thickness of 0.6 mm and a current of 355 mA are required. To build a flow model, data of color duplex scanning in three sections are required: 1. In the proximal section of the common carotid artery (3 cm proximal to the bifurcation); 2. In the section of the external carotid artery, 2 cm distal to the carotid sinus; 3. In the section of the internal carotid artery, 2 cm distal to the carotid sinus. The result of computer calculations using specialized software (Sim Vascular, Python, Open Foam) is a mathematical model of blood flow in a vessel. It is an array of calculated data describing the speed and other characteristics of the flow at each point of the artery. Based on the analysis of RRT and TAWSS indicators, a computer model of bifurcation is formed, which makes it possible to predict areas of increased risk of restenosis development. Thus, the developed technique is able to identify a cohort of patients after CEE, subjected to a high probability of loss of the vessel lumen. Such an opportunity will provide a more precise supervision of these patients in the postoperative period with the aim of early diagnosis of restenosis and timely prevention of the development of adverse cardiovascular events.
Изучение госпитальных результатов экстренной каротидной эндартерэктомии (КЭЭ) и каротидной ангиопластики со стентированием (КАС) в острейшем периоде острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения (ОНМК). МАТеРИАЛ И МеТОдыC января 2008 по август 2020 г. в исследование вошли 615 пациентов с гемодинамически значимыми стенозами внутренних сонных артерий (ВСА), оперированными в острейшем периоде ишемического инсульта (в течение 3 суток от дебюта ОНМК). В зависимости от реализованного вида реваскуляризации все больные были распределены на две группы: 1-я группа -КАС (n=312); 2-я группа -КЭЭ (n=357). Критериями включения стали: 1. Неврологические нарушения легкой степени: от 3 до 8 баллов по шкале NIHSS; не более 2 баллов по модификационной шкале Рэнкина; более 61 балла по шкале Бартел; 2. Показания для КЭЭ/КАС согласно действующим национальным рекомендациям; 3. Ишемический очаг в головном мозге не более 2,5 см в диаметре.
1 Кардиохирургическое отделение аорты и коронарных артерий ФГУ «Новосибирский научно-исследовательский институт патологии кровообращения имени академика Е.Н. Мешалкина» Минздрава России, Новосибирск, Российская Федерация 2 Институт теоретической и прикладной механики им. С.А. Христиановича СО РАН, Новосибирск, Российская Федерация Цель: экспериментальная оценка производительности дискового насоса вязкого трения, изучение взаи мосвязи междискового зазора и размеров входных и выходных отверстий и параметров производитель ности насоса. Материалы и методы. Для изучения характеристик и оптимизации конструкции дисково го насоса трения, предназначенного для перекачивания крови, был изготовлен макет насоса и стенд для его испытания. Габариты насоса задавались, исходя из медикобиологических требований для систем механической поддержки сердца и с учетом экспериментальных исследований наших коллег из Пен сильвании. Объемный расход рабочей жидкости измерялся поплавковым ротаметром Krohne VA40 c по грешностью измерений не более 1%. Значения давления в гидродинамическом контуре измерялись при помощи монитора производства фирмы «БиософтМ». Дросселирующее устройство позволяло менять гидравлическое сопротивление системы, имитируя общее периферическое сопротивление сердечносо судистой системы человека. Результаты. В ходе эксперимента получена линейная прямая зависимость между производительностью насоса и создаваемым им перепадом давления жидкости на входе и выхо де на насосе. Требуемые значения расхода (5-7 л/мин) и давления (90-100 мм рт. ст.) достигаются при частоте вращения ротора в диапазоне 2500-3000 об/мин. Показано, что увеличение входного диаметра до 15 мм не привело к значимому увеличению производительности насоса, а наибольшие значения про изводительности можно получить для величины междискового зазора 0,4-0,5 мм. Заключение. Спроек тированный и изготовленный экспериментальный макет дискового насоса для перекачивания жидкости показал принципиальную возможность использовать такую модель в качестве системы для механиче ской поддержки сердца.
РезюмеТромбоэмболия легочной артерии является жизнеугрожающим состоянием вследствие развития острой правожелудочковой недостаточности и кардиогенного шока. Основным методом реперфузии при массивной легочной эмболии остается системный тромболизис, проведение которого сопряжено с риском фатальных геморрагических осложнений. В течение последних двух десятилетий наблюдается все больший интерес к использованию эндоваскулярных технологий, позволяющих восстановить кровоток по окклюзированным легочным артериям в сроки до трех недель от верифицированного эпизода эмболии и снизить риск больших кровотечений. Проводимые в настоящее время исследования подтверждают высокую эффективность и безопасность интервенционных методов лечения, внедрение которых в клиническую практику позволит улучшить прогноз больных с массивной тромбоэмболией легочной артерии.
<p>Treatment of patients with multilevel arterial occlusive disease in lower limb arteries is one of the challenges in vascular surgery. The need in blood flow restoration in several arterial segments usually leads to the problem of choosing a surgical procedure. Open surgery of several arterial segments is linked with a high risk of intraoperative complications, while endovascular procedures are not always possible, especially with long lesions. In such cases, hybrid surgery turns out to be a method of choice. We report the case of 50-year old patient with complaints of the right lower limb pain at rest, trophic ulcers in the right foot. The medical record showed 5-year claudification, with a gradual decrease in painless walking distance. In 2017, he underwent right common iliac artery stenting without a positive effect. Upon admission, occlusion of the right external iliac artery and superficial femoral artery was identified. After additional examination, crossing of lesions, balloon angioplasty and stenting of aorto-iliac and femoral-popliteal segments were successfully performed. The presented clinical case demonstrates high effectiveness in combination of open and endovascular procedures, while treating multilevel arterial occlusive disease. Hybrid surgical procedures allow to reduce traumatism, risk of postoperative complications and length of in-hospital stay. The main advantages and disadvantages of current surgical methods for treatment of multilevel aorto-iliac-femoral lesions are discussed. Performing hybrid surgical procedures is possible only with an experienced vascular team and in specialized hybrid operating room.</p><p>Received 3 August 2018. Revised 26 November 2018. Accepted 30 November 2018.</p><p><strong>Informed consent:</strong> The patient’s informed consent to use his records for medical purposes is obtained.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The study did not have sponsorship.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> Authors declare no conflict of interest.</p>
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