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Chemical activation and unimolecular dissociation pathway kinetic analysis is presented on addition of radicals H, O, OH, and HO 2 to one of the two types of unsaturated carbons on cyclopentadiene. Addition of H atom or OH radical at the 1 position forms an allylic radical, which can break the weaker (allylic) bond, opening the 5-carbon9carbon carbon ring and forming a resonance stabilized radical. Addition at the 2 position is less exothermic and forms a secondary radical, which can break a bond to form carbon9carbon a vinylic radical. The vinylic radical, if formed will rapidly react with O2 or decompose, ␤ Scission. Addition at the 2 position usually results in reverse reaction (dissociation back to the reactants) O (3P) addition to the two types of unsaturated carbons on cyclopentadiene will form two diradical isomers which will quickly decompose to H atom plus cyclopentenone-yl radicals, both of these cyclopentenone-yl radicals will undergo ␤ Scission to form stable cyclopentadienone and H atom.HO 2 addition to the unsaturated carbons on cyclopentadiene can form the cyclopentenyl (allylic) radical plus O 2 as products through intramolecular isomerization (H Shift) and then dissociation.Thermochemical property data for intermediate species along with rate constants for these radical addition reactions to cyclopentadiene and the decomposition/isomerization reactions of the adducts are estimated. Rate constants for each channel are calculated using bimolecular quantum Rice Ramsperger Kassel, QRRK, for k(E) with a modified strong collision analysis for fall off. Rate constants are presented over a range of pressure and temperature. Modeling results are compared to the limited literature data available for validation, i.e., to species profiles for appropriate reaction systems, where cyclopentadiene is a key intermediate.Rate constants on abstraction of the resonance stabilized H from the cyclopentadiene ring are also estimated.Major (vida infra) reaction channels and kinetic parametersCorrespondence to:

With the ever-increasing demand for improved medical diagnosis, safe food supply, advanced biotechnology, and sustainable ecosystems, characterization of the microbial world by sensitive, specific, rapid, and quantitative tools is gaining more and more attentions. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and its flexible integration with other tools, such as microscopes, stable isotope probing, microfluidic analysis, and chemometric analysis, have advanced rapidly and showed great promise for versatile microbial characterization. This perspective provides an overview of the recent advances of SERS and related coupling techniques for microbial diagnosis (e.g., identification and antibiotic resistance testing), phenotypic response profiling, microbial function assessment, in situ biofilm characterization, and multifunctional SERS tags. We further propose future requirements and the direction for SERS methodology to be headed, including standardization of SERS methodology, database generation and management, coupling with omics technology and single-cell sorting, and application in deciphering microbial processes.

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Thiol functionalized hollow mesoporous silica spheres with magnetic cores were synthesized and found to be highly selective adsorbents of Hg2+.

The results from epidemiological studies between dietary vitamin A intake and glioma risk is not consistent. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to confirm the exact relationship between them. PubMed and Web of Knowledge were used to search the relevant articles up to May 2015. Pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI)was calculated using random-effect model. Egger’s test was used to assess the small-study effect. At the end, seven articles with eight case-control studies involving 1841 glioma cases and 4123 participants were included. Our study indicated that highest category of dietary vitamin A intake was significantly associated with reduced risk of glioma (RR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.62–0.98, p = 0.014, I2 = 54.9%). Egger’s test did not find any publication bias. In conclusion, our study indicated that higher category of dietary vitamin A intake could reduce the glioma risk. However, we could not do a dose-response analysis for vitamin A intake with glioma risk due to the limited data in each reported individual article. Due to this limitation, further studies with detailed dose, cases and person-years for each category is wanted to assess this dose-response association.

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is an indispensable option for achieving carbon neutrality. This study evaluates the technical development level, demonstration progress, cost effectiveness, and CO 2 reduction potential of CCUS in China to review the status of CCUS and identify its future direction of development. The conclusion indicates that China's deployment of CCUS projects has developed rapidly and is generally at the stage of industrialized demonstration; although the overall development is comparable to international counterparts, some key technologies still lag behind the international advanced level. In terms of industrial demonstration, China already has the engineering capabilities for large-scale projects; however, there remains a gap between China and the advanced countries regarding the scale of demonstration projects, technology integration, off-shore storage, and industrial application. In terms of reduction potential and demand, the theoretical storage capacity of CCUS and the demand for industrial emission reduction in China are huge. However, the onshore storage potentials in different regions are significantly varied when source-sink matching is considered. In terms of cost and benefit, although the current cost of CCUS technology is high, CCUS remains a cost-effective emission-reduction option for achieving carbon neutrality in the future. It is necessary to develop the CCUS technology