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A capacity related reliability for transportation networks with random link capacity is introduced. It is defined as the probability that the road network can accommodate a certain level of traffic demand, and is built on the concept of network reserve capacity. Network reserve capacity is defined as the largest multiplier applied to an existing origin-destination demand matrix that can be allocated to a transportation network in a user-optimal way without violating the link capacities. Due to large variability associated with link capacities, a probabilistic approach is adopted to model the different physical and operational factors that often degrade the capacity of roadways. A Monte Carlo simulation procedure is developed to estimate the capacity related reliability measure. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.

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Rainfall is one of the most significant triggering factors for slope failures in many regions around the world.Numerous research studies have been conducted to investigate infiltration of rainwater into a slope, and the effect of water infiltration on slope stability. In this paper, a review of existing research on infiltration analysis and slope stability analysis under rainfall infiltration is presented. Studies on infiltration analysis with conceptual models, analytical analysis and numerical modelling are first reviewed. The typical pore water pressure profiles in the slope are then discussed. Subsequently, recent developments in analyses of slope instabilities under rainfall conditions using the limit equilibrium method and coupled hydro-mechanical modelling are summarised, and major findings on critical hydrological factors related to rainfall-induced landslides are summarised and discussed. Finally, several research topics are suggested for further study.