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Geographically, the Sulawesi Island is located on 5.36LU-7.48S and 117.02-125.74E. It is one of the safest islands due to its location that is not directly related to two oceans, namely the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Sulawesi is divided into six provinces and has several small islands. This makes it one of the islands with the longest coastline in Indonesia. However, this is what causes Sulawesi Island to be susceptible to marine disasters, such as high waves and tsunamis triggered by submarine earthquakes whose distribution can be seen in figure 3. In this study, we tried to examine how the society established cooperative relationships with various social elements that existed, a few days after the disaster occurred. In addition, data collection was conducted through interviews, focus group discussions (FGD) along with scientific findings or research that had previously been conducted so that the results of the research became more accurate and systematic. This article was the initial findings so that it only presented data from sources in a homogeneous manner.

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Gelatin-free capsules are possibly produced through an innovation which involves utilizing environmentally friendly materials derived from plants such as bagasse which are produced into nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). This research was conducted to report the extraction and characterization of NCC from the abundant industrial plantation waste of sugarcane and its application as the base material for gelatin-free capsule shell material. The process involved using different concentrations of NCC at 1%, 2%, 4%, and 7% (in wt. %) with the addition of 1% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) (in wt. %) and 1% carbopol (in wt. %). Moreover, the NCC capsules obtained from sugarcane bagasse were tested for moisture content, tensile strength, elongation, solubility, and pH. The results showed that sugarcane bagasse contains 40–50% cellulose, 6.15%–9.5% moisture content which indicates they are potentially better in terms of storage, 7.25–7.85 pH, and 0.05–0.136 MPa gel strength, and the elongation value ranges from 7.19 to 87.51%. These values were discovered to have satisfied the standard requirements as indicated by the optimal concentration of 4% NCC +1% HPMC, which is in line with the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS), thereby leading to the consideration of the material safe to be used as raw material in making capsule shells.

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Access to water resources is one of the demanding issues of the 21st century worldwide. As worldwide population increases, the demand for water is seriously increased. With the increasing demand, water quality is also under growing stress which requires better supply chain management (SCM) by adopting strategic management practices. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the role of supply chain strategic management in customer satisfaction and the performance of the water supply company in Makassar, Indonesia. In this study, service quality and drinking water quality were taken as the strategic management activities. Employees of water supply companies were selected to collect the necessary data. Questionnaires survey was used to collect the necessary data from employees. Three hundred (300) questionnaires were distributed among the employees of water supply companies of Makassar, Indonesia. It was found that strategic management practices were vital to enhance water supply chain. Moreover, it was concluded that water supply companies of Makassar needed better supply chain activities to boost performance. Better supply chain implementation was the key to customer satisfaction and the performance of the company.

INTISARIKurang optimalnya pemanfaatan limbah kulit udang menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan. Pemanfaatan limbah kulit udang dalam industri rumah tangga umumnya diolah menjadi terasi atau dikeringkan untuk pakan unggas. Penelitian ini dilakukan peningkatan nilai tambah dengan melakukan preparasi sampel limbah kulit udang, pencucian kemudian direbus dalam air mendidih (± 80°C) selama 15 menit. Selanjutnya dikeringkan dibawah sinar matahari dan proses penghalusan. Setelah itu di proses dengan pembuatan kitin di mana pada proses pembuatan kitin meliputi proses deproteinasi (proses penambahan NaOH 5 %) menghasilkan Crude kitin kemudian dilanjutkan proses demineralisasi (proses penambahan HCl 2 N) menghasilkan kitin dan dilanjutkan proses deasetilasi (proses penambahan NaOH 50 %) menghasilkan kitosan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan 50 gram limbah kulit udang menghasilkan 11,25 gram kitosan dan dapat menurunkan kekeruhan air sungai sebesar 98,63%. ABSTRACTLess optimal of shrimp shells waste cause environmental pollution. Utilization of shrimp waste in the home industry is generally processed become terasi or for poultry feed. This research is done by increasing the added value by doing preparation of shrimp waste, washing then boiling in boiling water (± 80 ° C) for 15 minutes. Further dried under the sun and smoothing process. After that, in the process by making chitin which in the process of making chitin include deproteination process (addition process of 5% NaOH) yield Crude chitin then proceed demineralization process (addition process of HCl 2 N) yield chitin and continued deacetylation process (addition process of 50% NaOH) produce chitosan. The results showed 50 grams of shrimp shells waste produce 11.25 grams of chitosan and reduce the turbidity of river water about 98.63%.

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