Utilization of Liquid Smoke Produced Through Sthe Pyrolysis of Cashew Nut Shells as Raw Materials For Varnish Manufacturing

Exploring the potential of cashew nutshells: A critical review of alternative applications

“…Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that converts biomass into valuable products such as biochar, bio-oil, and biogas (Moreira et al 2017;Ifa et al 2018). During pyrolysis, biomass is heated in a sealed reactor or chamber without air or with limited oxygen.…”

“…CNS and its by-products showed promise as alternative biomass sources for bio-oil production with diesel fuel-like properties. In a related study, Ifa et al (2018) investigated the potential of CNS as a source of liquid smoke for varnish production. This work identified 300 °C as the optimal temperature for generating liquid smoke.…”

Techno Economic Study of Liquid Smoke From Cashew Nut Shell Waste

“…Several researchers have previously made efforts to utilize cashew nut shells for biobriquettes (Mousa et al, 2019;Ifa et al, 2020), vernis (Ifa, Sabara, et al, 2018), pesticide(La Tima, Yopi and Ifa, 2016). Cashew nut shell waste is biomass such as coconut shell that can be converted into bio charcoal and bio oil which can be condensed into liquid smoke, tar and noncondensed gas using the pyrolysis method.…”

“…Pyrolysis is one of the most economical and promising technologies to convert solid biomass into liquid (bio-oil), gas, and solid (Gao et al, 2016). Bio-oil is referred by various terms for the liquid products presented in the literature including wood liquor (Oramahi et al, 2018), pyroligneous acid (Pimenta et al, 2018), pyrolysis distillate (Barbero-López et al, 2019), liquid smoke (Wagiman, Ardiansyah and Witjaksono, 2014;Lombok et al, 2014;Maryam, 2015;Budaraga, Marlida and Bulanin, 2016;Hadanu and Apituley, 2016;Tarawan et al, 2017;Kailaku et al, 2017;Abustam, Said and Yusuf, 2018;Aisyah et al, 2018;Sari, Samharinto and Langai, 2018;Ifa, Sabara, et al, 2018;Ifa, Yani, et al, 2018;Maulina and Silia, 2018;Qomariyah et al, 2019;Surboyo et al, 2019;Swastawati et al, 2019;Rakhmayeni, Yuniarti and Sukarno, 2020), bio-fuel oil, wood oil, wood refined, (Ozbay and Ayrilmis, 2017;Boer et al, 2020). The constituent material for liquid smoke is obtained from the thermal degradation reaction of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin (Beker et al, 2016;Hadanu and Apituley, 2016;Kailaku et al, 2017).…”

“…Several studies have shown the usefulness of liquid smoke, among others, as an antioxidant (Budaraga et al, 2016), as a pesticide (La Tima, Yopi and Ifa, 2016;Sari, Samharinto and Langai, 2018), as an insecticide against larvae(Prabowo, Martono and Witjaksono, 2016)or a substitute for silica (Simanjuntak et al, 2016),to reduce the content of Pb in soybean seeds (Hartati, Darmadji and Pranoto, 2015), as a flavoring and food preservative (Maryam, 2015),as an antimicrobial agent (supports bacterial growth) (Beker et al, 2016),as an insecticide (Mustafiah and Jafar, 2017), natural preservative in fresh fish (Anggraini and Yuniningsih, 2017), as a material for making varnishes (Ifa, Sabara, et al, 2018), an important role in healing oral trauma canker sores in people with diabetes mellitus (Surboyo et al, 2019;Ayuningtyas et al, 2020), to extract acetic acid (Siregar, Misran and Cahyadi, 2019), to suppress blood diseases in bananas and their effect on plant growth (Aisyah et al, 2018), for the durability of tilapia dumplings (Handayani, Swastawati and Rianingsih, 2019).…”