Microrough titanium (Ti) surfaces of dental implants have demonstrated more rapid and greater bone apposition when compared with machined Ti surfaces. However, further enhancement of osteoblastic activity and bone apposition by bio-functionalizing the implant surface with a monomolecular adsorbed layer of a co-polymer - i.e., poly(L-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) and its derivatives (PLL-g-PEG/PEG-peptide) - has never been investigated. The aim of the present study was to examine early bone apposition to a modified sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) surface coated with an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-peptide-modified polymer (PLL-g-PEG/PEG-RGD) in the maxillae of miniature pigs, and to compare it with the standard SLA surface. Test and control implants had the same microrough topography (SLA), but differed in their surface chemistry (polymer coatings). The following surfaces were examined histomorphometrically: (i) control - SLA without coating; (ii) (PLL-g-PEG); (iii) (PLL-g-PEG/PEG-RDG) (RDG, Arg-Asp-Gly); and (iv) (PLL-g-PEG/PEG-RGD). At 2 weeks, RGD-coated implants demonstrated significantly higher percentages of bone-to-implant contact as compared with controls (61.68% vs. 43.62%; P < 0.001). It can be concluded that the (PLL-g-PEG/PEG-RGD) coatings may promote enhanced bone apposition during the early stages of bone regeneration.

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RÉSUMÉL'ostéopétrose est une maladie osseuse rare, due principalement à un dysfonctionnement des ostéoclastes, qui sont des cellules d'origine hématopoïétique, de la lignée macrophagique. Il existe différentes formes d'ostéopétrose qui ont une évolution variable allant du décès in utero à la forme restant totalement asymptomatique. L'ostéopétrose résulte d'un défaut du remodelage qui aboutit à une hyperminéralisation du squelette entraî-nant une fragilité osseuse (fractures pathologiques souvent multiples), la compression des nerfs crâniens (atrophie optique…), des ostéomyélites des maxillaires et un étouffement de la moelle hématopoïétique pouvant évoluer vers une pancytopénie. Il n'y a pas de traitement satisfaisant pour l'ostéopétrose. Dans la forme maligne, la transplantation de moelle osseuse permet dans les cas favorables, de stopper l'évolution et

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RÉSUMÉLes manifestations stomatologiques de l'ostéopétrose sont nombreuses. Elles intéressent la structure osseuse des maxillaires mais aussi l'organe dentaire : malformations diverses, troubles de l'éruption dentaire, et anomalies du ligament alvéolo-dentaire ; ces dernières sont probablement responsable de la chute prématurée des dents. Les manifestations osseuses sont secondaires à l'hyperminéralisation osseuse et à l'hypovascularisation qu'elle induit. A côté de la fragilité bien connue de l'os, on retrouve un risque accru d'ostéomyélite des maxillaires dont la prise en charge se révèle souvent difficile. Une meilleure compréhension de la physiopathologie de l'ostéopétrose et l'identification des facteurs favorisants l'ostéomyélite devraient permettre de proposer des mesures adéquates pour prévenir cette redoutable complication.

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Signs and symptoms  A 44‐year‐old Caucasian woman was referred by her dentist for evaluation and treatment of a cystic lesion in the right mandibular angle. The referring dentist identified this lesion 3 weeks earlier by way a of routine dental radiograph. Medical history and social history  The patient reported a chronic swelling of the right cheek caused by a recurrent lymphangioma, which had been surgically removed four times at other institutions. A cutaneous basal cell carcinoma located at the left side of the nose was successfully excised 7 years earlier. The patient didn't take any medication. Oral disease history  Before the onset of repeated swelling and food impaction distal to the right second mandibular molar 2‐months ago, the patient did not have any symptoms. On palpation there was a hard and painless induration located at the lateral border of the right angle of the mandible. A panoramic radiograph demonstrated a well‐defined, multilocular radiolucency at the right mandibular angle and enclosing the crown of a deeply impacted third molar. Diagnoses  Based on the clinical and radiological findings, the presumptive diagnosis was a calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT). The differential diagnosis included among others calcified odontogenic cyst, ameloblastic fibro‐odontoma, or ossyfying fibroma. The definite, histopathologically confirmed diagnosis was calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor with clear cell component (CCCEOT). Treatment  The CCCEOT was treated by conservative surgery (enucleation). No recurrence was seen 30 months after treatment. This brings one more argument for a conservative surgical approach for the CEOTs/CCCEOTs of limited size.