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The prostaglandin response of mouse intestinal epithelial cells after exposure to Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin II was examined. The quantity of prostaglandin E2 produced by the intestinal cells was directly related to the dose of heat-stable enterotoxin II. The change in the amount of prostaglandin E2 over time correlated to that of the volume of fluid released into the intestinal lumen. We then demonstrated that administration of heat-stable enterotoxin II into the intestinal loops of mice induced elevation of arachidonic acid and phosphatidic acid levels in intestinal epithelial cells. These results show that heat-stable enterotoxin II stimulates arachidonic acid metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells and that the synthesized prostaglandin E2 functions as a mediator of fluid secretion induced by this enterotoxin.

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. Ks, 64.70.Kb, 81.05.Dz High-pressure X-ray diffraction studies of Co x Zn 1-x O (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10) were carried out with a synchrotron radiation source. The crystal parameters for three samples under pressure were refined by the Rietveld method. The bulk moduli for Co x Zn 1-x O (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10) were determined by Birch's equation of state to be 144.9 ± 0.6, 143.4 ± 4.2, and 138.5 ± 1.9 GPa, and also the transition pressure from the wurtzite structure to the rocksalt structure were determined to be 8.2, 7.7, and 6.1 GPa, respectively. On increasing the Co-doping into the ZnO, both the bulk moduli and transition pressures decrease, but the rates are quite different. The bulk modulus decreases by 4.8% with 10% Co-doping but the transition pressure decreases by 25%.

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