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We developed a simple method for highly ordered assemblies of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) along DNA molecules on substrates, and achieved assemblies with well-aligned and long-range order by using well-stretched DNA templates. In addition, oxidized aniline-capped AuNPs (AN−AuNPs) prepared in this study were strongly attached to DNA. Two different assembly methods were carried out, and consequently continuous depositions and necklace-like depositions of AN−AuNPs along DNA molecules were achieved.

HFS elements to avoid confusion. However, when coupled with microstructural observation, dilatancy/compaction, in a sense similar to case 2 is used to explain chemical results. Outline of Geology Along the Nojima AH into AA (for analyzing) and AS (slab for preservation).After carving, the carved surface was fixed with resin ( Figure 3, step 6). AA was utilized mainly for chemical composition and crystal structure analysis, AS was used for texture observations and nondestructive measurements/analysis (such as color analysis) and long-term preservation after surface polishing, and WH was used for various kinds of measurements/observations and analysis (Figure 3, step 7).For understanding the whole trend of fault rock distribution in the GSJ core, surfaces of all drill core (154.24 to 746.60 m) were first observed visually during a period between steps 1 and 2 in Figure 3, and a rough fault rock distribution map was prepared. After completion of core processing, fault rock distribution was reexamined through observation of more than 2000 pieces of polished slabs (AS) in the depth extent from 553.39 to 718.20 m. Then, ---120 thin sections were prepared from throughout the core for observation of deformation/ alteration microstructures. As a result, rock in the drill core were categorized into the following eight types: (1) granodiorite (host rock), (2) porphyry intrusions (host rock), (3) WPAR, (4) fault breccia, (5) cataclasite, (6) ultracataclasite, (7) pseudotachylite, and (8) Step 2 • Entoring tho oriontation roloronco lings onto tho core piecesStep 3 • Preservation (bagging) of pulverized portions in the core boxes and entering the depth range onto the bagsStep 4• Fixing the surfaces of core pieces by resinStep 5 • Numbering and measurement of depth range for each core pieceStep 6 and Tanaka et al. [1995]. The original fault rock distribution map was modified, and a more detailed fault rock distribution map was prepared (see Plate 3 and Figure 5). Petrographic Characteristics of Host and Fault Rocks

We developed a simple method of reproducibly creating highly aligned DNA nanowires without any surface modifications or special equipment. Stretched DNA molecules initially present on the PDMS sheet were transferred onto another surface using transfer-printing (TP). Fluorescent microscopic and atomic force microscopic images revealed that many DNA molecules were highly aligned on surfaces after TP. Furthermore, it was also possible to realize the two-dimensional assembly of DNA nanowires by repeating TP.

A bacterial cell that has a single polar flagellum alternately repeats forward swimming, in which the flagellum pushes the cell body, and backward swimming, in which the flagellum pulls the cell body. We have reported that the backward swimming speeds of Vibrio alginolyticus are on average greater than the forward swimming speeds. In this study, we quantitatively measured the shape of the trajectory as well as the swimming speed. The trajectory shape in the forward mode was almost straight, whereas that in the backward mode was curved. The same parameters were measured at different distances from a surface. The difference in the motion characteristics between swimming modes was significant when a cell swam near a surface. In contrast, the difference was indistinguishable when a cell swam >60 microm away from any surfaces. In addition, a cell in backward mode tended to stay near the surface longer than a cell in forward mode. This wall effect on the bacterial motion was independent of chemical modification of the glass surface. The macroscopic behavior is numerically simulated on the basis of experimental results and the significance of the phenomenon reported here is discussed.

binding energy, indicating that conduction electrons in BaVS3 behave as a Luttinger liquid. The powerlaw exponent is large ( & -1), indicating that electron-electron interaction is long ranged and possibly that electron-phonon interaction is also important. The spectra exhibit gradual changes with temperature. In particular, a semiconducting gap starts to open well above the metal-to-semiconductor transition temperature and fully develops below it. We propose that the gradual orthorhombic distortion of the Jahn-Teller type below -240 K lowers one of the d levels, d"~, and that below -70 K electrons are fully transferred to the d""band. The d"~b and then becomes half-filled, resulting in the opening of a Mott-Hubbard gap.

We developed polymer-coated glass substrates for DNA stretching and fixation to analyze the precise gene location on DNA by fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We observed partially stretched and many aggregated DNA molecules on uncoated glass, indicating that DNA interacted rigidly with the surface because of the strong polarity of the glass surface. Few DNA molecules were fixed on polyvinylbutyral (PVB) coated glasses, however, indicating that the interaction between DNA and the surface was weaker than that on the uncoated surface because of the strong hydrophobic surfaces. Observed images demonstrated that DNA was sufficiently fixed and stretched on poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVCz) and polyphenazasiline (PPhenaz) coated surfaces. Furthermore, PPhenaz-and PVCz-coated surfaces provided adequate AFM observation of stretched DNA molecules. This specific interaction is considered to be attributed to π−π interaction (π-stacking) between aromatic amines in polymers and base pairs in DNA molecules.

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