Tootpaste was a product for dental care to clean, beautify and replace the minerals decay from the dent surface. To prevent the damage of the mineral layers on the surface, added the remineralitation compounds in the formula of the toothpaste. The remineralitation agents commonly add was CaCO3 and CaPO4, during the technological development the calcium compounds added was calcium in nano size like Hydroxyapatite (HAp). In this study produced the contains abrasive HAp and CaCO3 with the mix ratio  CaCO3, 50:50 (HAp:CaCO3) and HAp. The characterization to the toothpaste with CaCO3 abrasive showed the Calcium contains 21,10 ± 0,0577%; dispersibility 936,37 ± 39,42gcm/s; pH 8,3 ± 0,00; and viscosity 25 ± 0,00 P.a. The toothpaste with CaCO3:HAp (50:50) abrasive showed the Calcium contains 27,03 ± 0,0333%; dispersibility 931,93 ± 22,62gcm/s; pH 8,8 ± 0,00; and viscosity 27 ± 0,00 P.a. The toothpaste with HAp abrasive showed the Calcium contains 27,67 ± 0,0882%; dispersibility 987,33 ± 39,50gcm/s; pH 8,9 ± 0,00; and viscosity 27,5 ± 0,00 P.a. The contamination of microbiology did not found in all of the toothpastes along the storage. Based on the entire organoleptic test against the toothpastes, the formula of toothpaste with the mix of CaCO3:HAp was les liked.

Nano activated carbon is activated carbon with nano-sized carbon particles and can be synthesized from cellulose-containing materials such as the Annatto peels. In this study, the synthesis of nano activated carbon of the Annatto peels was carried out in terms of activation temperature variations and the carbon impregnation ratio of 50% H3PO4 acid and determining the characteristics of nano activated carbon from Annatto peels (NAPAC). The activation method used is the impregnation of carbon in 50% H3PO4 with a ratio of 1: 3; 1: 4; 1: 5; 1: 6; and 1: 7 (w/w) for 24 hours and heating at 400; 500; 600; 700; and 800 °C for one hour. Nano activated carbon from Annatto peels (NAPAC) was characterized by Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The results of the study showed that the NAPAC can be synthesized from Annatto peels with activation by 50% H3PO4 at the temperature of 500°C and the impregnation ratio of 1:5 (w/w).

Anthocyanins are red to purple pigments and one of potent safe and natural food colorants which possess superior antioxidant activity. However, the stab ility of anthocyanins depends on various factors, including structure and concentrations, pH, temperatures, light, co-pigment, ascorb ic acid, enzymes, metal ions, sugars, protein, sulfur 3370, 4210, and 8820 lux (18, 23, and 32 watt, respectively) were used to illuminate b lack mulb erry fruit extract (10.09 g/L) following 20, 40, 60% (w/v) ABSTRAK1Antosianin merupakan pigmen bewarna merah hingga ungu yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tinggi dan berpotensi sebagai pewarna alami makanan yang aman. Namun, stabilitas antosianin dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, seperti struktur dan konsentrasi, pH, suhu, cahaya, ko -pigmen, oksigen, asam askorbat, enzim, ion logam, gula, protein dan sulfur dioksid a. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh penambahan gula terhadap stabilitas warna antosianin murbei hitam yang disinari dengan berbagai intensitas cahaya dan menentukan konsentrasi gula yang dapat meningkatkan stabilitas warna antosianin murbei hitam (Morus nigra L.). Konsentrasi gula yang digunakan yaitu: 20, 40, dan 60% (b/v); intensitas cahaya yang digunakan yaitu: 3370 (18 watt), 4210 (23 watt) and 8820 lux (32 watt) dengan sumber cahaya lampu fluoresens selama 60 jam terhadap ekstrak buah murbei hitam (10,09 g/L). Uji stabilitas warna antosianin ekstrak buah murbei hitam dilakukan menggunakan metode pemodelan kinetika degradasi untuk memperoleh orde yang sesuai. Kemudian nilai konstanta laju degradasi (k) dan nilai waktu paruh (t1/2) dihitung berdasarkan orde yang sesuai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan gula dengan konsentrasi 20% dapat meningkatkan stabilitas warna antosianin ekstrak murbei hitam dibandingkan kontrol (tanpa penambahan gula), terlihat dari meningka tnya waktu paruh dari 170,826 menjadi 183,733 jam; namun bila konsentrasi gula ditingkatkan menjadi 40 dan 60%, stabilitas warnanya menurun, dengan waktu paruh yaitu 166,618 dan 146,235 jam. Oleh sebab itu, penambahan gula dengan konsentrasi 20% adalah konsentrasi terbaik untuk meningkatkan stabilitas antosianin murbei hitam.Kata kunci: antosianin, cahaya lampu fluoresens, murbei hitam, penambahan gula, stabilitas warna

The purposes of this research were to determine the effect of copigmentation of mulberry anthocyanin with gallic acid towards thermal and to determine the optimal molar ratio of anthocyanin: gallic acid to stabilize the mulberry anthocyanin. The variation of treatments on this research were molar ratio of mulbery anthocyanin: gallic acid: 1:0; 1:25; 1:50; 1:75; 1:100 which were heated at 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C. After heated, the colour intensity were measured every 45 minutes at 60 °C, 30 minutes at 70 °C, 30 minutes at 80 °C, and 20 minutes at 90 °C. The measurement was conducted on wavelength 512 nm for uncopigmented anthocyanin and 514 nm for copigmented anthocyanin using Spectrophotometer UV-VIS. The result showed that copigmentation could increase the thermal stability of mulberry anthocyanin. Copigmentation could increase the activation energy and half life. The optimal molar ratio of anthocyanin: copigment was 1:75, while the energy of activation was 65.20 kJ/mole.  ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan efek kopigmentasi antosianin murbei dengan asam galat terhadap panas dan menentukan rasio molar antosianin: asam galat yang optimal untuk menstabilkan antosianin murbei. Variasi perlakuan penelitian ini adalah rasio molar antosianin: asam galat: 1:0; 1:25; 1:50; 1:75; 1:100 yang dipanaskan pada suhu 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, dan 90 °C. Setelah pemanasan selesai, dilakukan pengukuran intensitas warna setiap 45 menit pada suhu 60 °C, 30 menit pada suhu 70 °C, 30 menit pada suhu 80 °C, dan 20 menit pada suhu 90 °C. Pengukuran dilakukan pada panjang gelombang 512 nm pada antosianin yang tidak terkopigmentasi dan 514 nm pada antosianin yang terkopigmentasi dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-VIS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kopigmentasi meningkatkan stabilitas antosianin murbei terhadap panas. Kopigmentasi dapat meningkatkan energi aktivasi dan waktu paruh. Rasio molar optimal antosianin:asam galat adalah 1:75 dengan energi aktivasi sebesar 65,20 kJ/mol.

Indonesia is one of ten biggest countries that produce tea for world. It makes Indonesia produce various tea products. Every tea production process produces the large quantity of industrial tea wastes every day. Our previous research showed that industrial tea wastes still have antioxidant activity. It means that industrial tea wastes contained of phenolic compounds which can be used as UV filter for sunscreen. This research compared antioxidant activity, total phenolic contents and UV filter effectiveness between green and black industrial tea wastes. Antioxidant activity were analyzed by reducing power and DPPH method, total phenolic contents of tea wastes extract were analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu assay, while UV filter effectiveness were assessed by UV spectra and absorbance of each tea wastes extract related to its concentration in order to yield maximum protection. The results showed that although green tea waste extract had higher antioxidant activity but adversely, black tea had higher total phenolic contents. UV filter effectiveness is affected by polyphenols content in substances, so it suggested that black tea waste extract is more potential than green tea waste extract as photoprotection substance.Keywords: tea waste, UV filter, sunscreen

No abstract

The presented study aimed to characterize the content, biological activity and formulation of extracts prepared from dried Stevia rebaudiana Bert leaves. Stevia rebaudiana Bert is the leaves that have antioxidant activity. The leaves, stems and flowers of stevia contain a complex mixture of sweet diterpene glycosides, including isosteviol, stevioside, rebaudioside (A, B, C, D, E, and F), steviolbioside and dulcoside A. In addition to glycosides, the leaves of stevia also contain other phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, fatty acids, proteins, and vitamins. These compounds can prevent and retain free radicals substitution, which can cause aging and chronic diseases. The extract obtained was filtered and evaporated — determination of total phenolics and total flavonoid using spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant potential of this extract was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. In the DPPH radical-scavenging activities, the extract had the antioxidant activity (IC50 = 48.18 μg / ml). The results showed that these extracts of Stevia rebaudiana Bert could be considered as natural antioxidants. The evaluation of the formulated cream showed good results and can be good potential for cosmetic product development.

Hemoglobin level after ingestion of repeated dose of iron shortly after and 2 hours after meal for 12 weeks in second & third trimester pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia AIP Conference Proceedings 1755, 160004 (2016) Abstract. Stevioside and rebaudioside A are major diterpene glycoside from Stevia rebaudiana. These compounds have similar structure and make both compounds have close polarity. The aim of this study was to improve isocratic RP-HPLC analysis to achieve a complete separation of stevioside and rebaudioside A in baseline peak. The method improved was conducted on Eurosphere C-18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) as the stationary phase. Mobile phase was made by a mixture of water-methanol (90: 10, v / v, pH = 3.0); acetonitrile, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the ratio 65: 35: 0.01 (v/v/v). Flow rate of mobile phase was 0.6 mL/min. The detection was performed in UV-210 nm. The improved method has complete separation by R > 2.00 in baseline peak. The linearity of the standard curve was obtained with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998 for rebaudioside A and 0.9994 for stevioside. The percent recovery was determined by standard addition method with a mean recovery of 100.82% for rebaudioside A and 101.04% for stevioside. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of intraday precision varies from 0.34 -1.79% for rebaudioside A and 0.31 -1.81% for stevioside, and interday precision showed RSD 1.47% for rebaudioside A and 0.37% for stevioside. While the sensitivity reported in the limit of detection (LOD) value of method improvement was 1.00 µg/mL for both rebaudioside A and stevioside. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the method was 3.00 µg/mL for both respected compounds. The small changes of the mobile phase composition, the mobile phase is reused after 1 week, flow rate, and column temperature did not alter the method performance significantly. The reliable and robust of the developed and validated method was applied to both simple and complex matrices of samples including S. rebaudiana leaves for major diterpene glycoside analysis.