A method for calculating a complex integral indicator of the metabolic state of an animal's body based on a biochemical blood test is proposed. The essence of the method lies in the fact that within the reference zone of distribution of each biochemical indicator included in the processing, its actual value turns into an index of relative normality equal to 100 % if the result of the analysis coincides with the middle of the reference zone and equal to 0 % if it coincides with the extreme values. When the indicator goes beyond the reference range, the relative normality index takes negative values. The conversion of the actual value (quality) was carried out taking into account linear proportionality. Integration was performed by calculating the arithmetic mean for all available blood biochemical parameters. As a result of such processing of the biochemical analysis of blood parameters, an integral parameter is obtained that characterizes the metabolic status of the animal's body as a percentage of the conditional norm. In this case, an important characteristic of the state of the body is the dispersion of the obtained value of "normality". This method processed the results of blood tests of lactating cows under the influence of the feeding factor. When applying the dispersion statistical method of analysis, no influence of the feed factor on the status of the biochemical profile of varnishing cows was revealed. Dispersion analysis of converted blood biochemical parameters to units of conditional normality established the difference between the control group of animals and the experimental group at the level of a trend. The variance value of the normality coefficient decreased by the end of the second period in the control group by 42.95 %, and in the experimental group by 57.89 % compared with the first period. The proposed method of qualimetric transformation of blood biochemical parameters can be used for rapid assessment of the current biochemical status of lactating cows, provided that the influence of one or another feeding factor is adequately analyzed.
The article considers the ways of reducing the formation of greenhouse gases and ammonia in the digestive tract of lactating cows. Reduction of emissions is based on increasing the absorption of nutrients by animals due to the use of our specialized additive that rumen escape proteinand starch protected from disintegration in the rumen. The effect of increasing the absorption of nutrients was confirmed in an experiment on fistula animals. It was found that feeding the developed supplement led to some changes in the digestibility of dietary nutrients. In the rumen, the digestibility of crude protein decreased from 6.52 ± 10.047 % to –15.62 ± 3.047 % and crude fat - from 13.49 ± 10.545 % to 1.33 ± 9.611 %, that indicates an increase in microbial synthesis; and the digestibility of crude fiber and nitrogen-free extractives increased from 73.98 ± 6.995 % to 77.82 ± 8.920 % and from 71.29 ± 5.629 % to 80.71 ± 8.878 %, respectively. Tests of the developed additive under production conditions were also carried out. The productivity of experimental cows directly depended on the level of introduction of the additive TEP-mix to the diet. Along with the increase in milk yield of experimental animals, there was a pronounced trend of increasing fat content and protein content in milk, which indicated a significant improvement in protein and energy nutrition in experimental cows. It was found that during the experiment the milk yield of cows probably increased by 7-137 %. The use of the supplement provided lengthening of the lactation peak plateau and lactation curve from 52 to 61 - 65 days, or 22-25 %. There was also a positive effect of the supplement on the prevention of the syndrome of weight loss of cows; there was a reduction in its losses during the first 100 days of lactation by more than 22-27%. Increasing the nutrient uptake of nutrients by cows provided an equivalent reduction in greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions. It was found that when using the additive TEP-mix in feeding lactating cows (feeding 1 kg of additive TEP-mix instead of 1 kg of standard feed) productivity increases by 2.15 kg of milk and reduces emissions of carbon dioxide by 522.54 ± 13.41 g and ammonia per 41 ± 0.13 g per day.
ing frequencies of factors of blood groups. The EAB system of blood groups showed an increase in the value of the homozygosity coefficient from 2.12 % to 2.89 % and the degree of homozygosity (H) from 6.69 % to 7.83 % for the 20-year population study period. The data obtained is a reflection of the decrease in the overall reserve of genetic variability of the studied herd. When conducting genetic monitoring, as well as to control genetic diversity, the level of homo-and heterozygosity of cattle populations, it is recommended to use immunogenetic methods that allow the genetic level to control the genotypic situation and promptly adjust the breeding stratege.
Introduction. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of different conditions of rearing and housing of the first calving cows on their productivity, reproductive capacity and stayability during lactation at the current stage of breeding. Materials and methods of research. The work was carried out based on the data of four breeding plants for the breeding of Ukrainian black and white dairy cows. The data of 3.610 first calving cows that calved during the last six years were analyzed. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out by the method of two-factor variance analysis using computer programs. During the analysis, the data were divided by the age of first fertilization and the average daily gain before fertilization. Only animals with a duration of lactation of more than 200 days were selected to determine productivity indicators for lactation. The stayability was determined for the first 10 months of lactation. In determining the probability of abortion and stillbirth, calvings with stillborn calves and abortions after which lactation began are taken into account. Research results. It was established that the live weight of first calving cows, regardless of the housing, increased proportionally to the intensity of their growing. In stall housing, the live weight of first servis that were fertilized at different ages had no significant differences, while in free stall housing, the first calving cows that were inseminated before the age of 470 days had an advantage of 12–19 kg. In terms of milk yield for 305 days of lactation, the first calving cow that were kept tethered and were fertilized at an earlier age exceeded the animals of other groups by 29–148 kg of milk, and those kept without tethering by 564–989 kg. Intensively reared animals produced 244–539 kg of milk more when tethered, and when tethered, this difference was significantly greater and amounted to 530–1081 kg, compared to first calving cow with an increase of less than 800 g. A reading has been established for the trend of increasing the milk yields from the changes in the first fertilization. The intensity of the growth of the heifers before the flooding also has a positive impact on their day milk yield. The probability of unsuccessful calving does not depend on the age of the first insemination in stall housing, but in free housing, animals that were inseminated before 470 days of age had 36–46% more unfavorable results with calving than those that were inseminated in older age The probability of abortion and the birth of a dead calf during stall housing heifers with different intensities of growing before fertilization also had no significant differences, and during free housing heifers with an average daily gain of more than 800 g had 7–9 more cases of unsuccessful calving, calculated on 100 animal compared to heifers with a lower intensity of growing. Conclusions. Increasing the intensity of raising heifers and reducing the age of first insemination contribute to increasing their productivity. It is necessary to carry out constant monitoring of repair youngsters for fatness and to prevent obesity. It leads to a decrease in reproductive capacity, unfavorable calving and, as a result, an increase in the probability of culling in the first lactation, especially in in free housing.
The formation of comprehensive knowledge of the assessment of physical and technical parameters of sheep wool depending on sex and genotype is one of the problems of animal biology, which is due to the requirements of the theory and practice of sheep breeding, as well as the wool processing industry, although the production of an increasing number of synthetic and artificial fibers. Actually obligatory evaluation of physical and technical parameters of wool is regulated by the current state standards and instructions on conducting breeding work, which determines productivity of selection in relation to further improvement of sheep breeds. However, the available information in the prevailing majority of literature sources on the quality of wool concerns sheep of meat-wool and wool-meat direction of productivity. As for sheep of meat production, in particular the newly created domestic breeds such materials are almost absent which determines the relevance of the work done. The foregoing article presents the results of the laboratory evaluation of differences in quality indicators of wool of the Dnieper beef sheep breed in relation to their sex and genotype. The research objects are young ewes, heeders, ewes and tupping rams. The experiments have been conducted in the conditions of the analytical laboratory for evaluation of wool quality and the breeding center for sheep breeding of the Institute of animal sciences NAAS. The obtained data indicate that young ewes of the line 024/063 (Ml) have a larger length of wool on the compared topographic areas of the fleece, such as on the back (by 23-69%), maw (by 25-30%), thigh (by 2,5-4,6%). The larger length of wool on maw is characteristic of ewes and tupping rams of this line. The sheep of all sex and age groups, which belonged to the line 024/063 (Ml) are reported to be characterized with the highest wool alignment by length within the evaluated topographic areas of the fleece. In spite of the mentioned differences in the indicator of wool fineness, the examinee sheep of these groups are quite homogeneous. The wool fineness in the groups of ewes and young ewes is within the range of 58-60 quality assortments, while the wool fineness of the replacement heeders and the tupping rams is within the range of 56-60 quality assortments.
An attempt is made to concentrate this research in the field of the scientific heritage of Academician UAAS G. Bogdanov, due to certain retrospective and prospective reasons. The main scientific research of Bogdanov O. devoted to the development of theoretical bases of animals’ feeding farms, technologies of feed production and use were carried out in the period connected with work at the Research Institute of Animal Husbandry of the Forest-Steppe and Polissya of the USSR (1956–1976, now the Institute of Animal Husbandry NAAS). Developing the theoretical and practical positions of the classics of domestic zootechnical science I.Belgovsky and P. Pshenichny, Academician G. Bogdanov together with the scientific school created by him laid the foundation for the domestic and made a significant contribution to the world science of farm animal feeding and technology production of high quality feed. The creative heritage of the scientist includes patterns of energy, protein, amino acid, mineral, vitamin nutrition of cattle, pigs, sheep; norms and technologies of full-fledged feeding of farm animals; theoretical bases of formation of meat productivity of cattle in ontogenesis and substantiation of breed technologies of intensive beef production in Ukraine. The result long period of work of the scientist and his colleagues was represented in 2012 of the conceptual work "Theory and practice of normalized feeding of cattle". Research in the physiology and biochemistry of ruminants has led to the creation of new concepts for the evaluation of feed protein and protein rationing for highly productive animals, which gave impetus to the development of innovative feed additives based on protected protein and starch. Given the topic of our article, the work of the scientist, dedicated to the feeding of highly productive cattle, is singled out and considered.
Modern problems of sheep breeding emphasize the urgent need for thorough research aimed at further improving the existing breeds of sheep, breed groups and high-yielding types of meat and meat-wool areas of productivity in the face of climate change. An equally important approach in the selection of sheep breeds is to identify the relationship between internal indicators of their body and signs of productivity. This makes it possible to effectively use the biological reserves of sheep in the direction of increasing meat and wool productivity, as well as to obtain new data on the formation of the adaptability of animals of different genotypes in ontogenesis. Given this, the research aimed to reveal the patterns of influence of climatic factors on the productivity and adaptability of brightly different genotypes with traditional technology of sheep production. The experimental work was carried out in the production conditions of the breeding plant of the State Enterprise "Gontarivka" IT NAAS Chuguiv district of Kharkiv region, the department of selection and technological research in small livestock and horse breeding of the Institute of Animal Husbandry NAAS. It was found that the cultivation of bright in the conditions of pasture-camp content, compared with the stall-camp, despite the negative impact of outdoor air temperature, contributes to a more pronounced normalizing effect on the intensity of their growth while increasing the average daily gain by 42.0 g or 35.2 % and improving the reproductive function, due to the ability to arrive earlier than others in the hunt. It is proved that seasonal fluctuations of climatic conditions cause an increase in body temperature, respiratory rate and pulse, a gradual increase in temperature from the lower to the upper zones of the staple in runes and cause thermal differences in different topographic areas of the body surface.
Впровадження інтенсивних технологій виробництва свинини є одним з пріоритетних напряміврозвитку агропромислового комплексу. Аналіз публікацій дав змогу зробити висновок, що за останнєдесятиріччя розроблено велику кількість обладнання для утримання свиней. Такі рішення даютьможливість ефективно вирощувати свиней з високими показниками продуктивності, але вони незабезпечують тварин моціоном для підтримання високого статусу здоров’я. Особливо це важливодля ремонтного молодняку. Метою дослідження було удосконалення способу вирощування кнурців ісвинок, а також довести його ефективність в порівнянні з традиційними умовами утримання. Длядосягнення поставленої мети вирішувались такі завдання: розробити нове приміщення легкого типудля утримання кнурців і свинок із засобами активного моціону; виробнича перевірказапропонованого способу утримання. Дослідження проводили у ВАТ «Агропрайм Холдинг» Одеськоїобласті Болградського району на 80 головах ремонтного молодняку з чотирьох до восьмимісячноговіку. Тварин контрольної групи утримували в свинарниках закритого типу безвигульно, а дослідної – уудосконаленому приміщенні легкого типу з встановленим тренажером кільцевого типу. Урезультаті досліджень удосконалено приміщення для утримання кнурців та свинок, що створюєумови для проведення активного дозованого моціону. Для цього в центрі внутрішнього круговогоманежу на трикутній опорі розмістили електродвигун з ротором до якого приєднані радіальніперегородки з опорними колесами, що переміщуються по твердій поверхні і забезпечують дозованиймоціон тварин по зовнішньому манежу. Крім того, вигульні майданчики, двері, віконні розрізиізольовані від зовнішнього середовища армованою москітною сіткою, що виключає проникнення мух ікомарів, цим самим забезпечуючи біобезпеку. У процесі виробничої перевірки було встановлено, щозастосований спосіб вирощування ремонтного молодняку з 4-х до 8-місячного віку у інноваційномуприміщенні забезпечує біобезпеку тварин від проникнення розповсюджувачів інфекційних хвороб тасприяв підвищенню енергії росту ремонтних свинок (на 6,39 %) і кнурців (на 6,78 %).
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