The formation of comprehensive knowledge of the assessment of physical and technical parameters of sheep wool depending on sex and genotype is one of the problems of animal biology, which is due to the requirements of the theory and practice of sheep breeding, as well as the wool processing industry, although the production of an increasing number of synthetic and artificial fibers. Actually obligatory evaluation of physical and technical parameters of wool is regulated by the current state standards and instructions on conducting breeding work, which determines productivity of selection in relation to further improvement of sheep breeds. However, the available information in the prevailing majority of literature sources on the quality of wool concerns sheep of meat-wool and wool-meat direction of productivity. As for sheep of meat production, in particular the newly created domestic breeds such materials are almost absent which determines the relevance of the work done. The foregoing article presents the results of the laboratory evaluation of differences in quality indicators of wool of the Dnieper beef sheep breed in relation to their sex and genotype. The research objects are young ewes, heeders, ewes and tupping rams. The experiments have been conducted in the conditions of the analytical laboratory for evaluation of wool quality and the breeding center for sheep breeding of the Institute of animal sciences NAAS. The obtained data indicate that young ewes of the line 024/063 (Ml) have a larger length of wool on the compared topographic areas of the fleece, such as on the back (by 23-69%), maw (by 25-30%), thigh (by 2,5-4,6%). The larger length of wool on maw is characteristic of ewes and tupping rams of this line. The sheep of all sex and age groups, which belonged to the line 024/063 (Ml) are reported to be characterized with the highest wool alignment by length within the evaluated topographic areas of the fleece. In spite of the mentioned differences in the indicator of wool fineness, the examinee sheep of these groups are quite homogeneous. The wool fineness in the groups of ewes and young ewes is within the range of 58-60 quality assortments, while the wool fineness of the replacement heeders and the tupping rams is within the range of 56-60 quality assortments.
У статті представлено результати досліджень з визначення ефективних способів уведення та перспективності використання 0,005 % і 0,02 % ультрадисперсної суспензії наноалмазів як можливого активатора фізіолого-біохімічного статусу та поліпшення продуктивних якостей овець харківського внутрішньопородного типу породи прекос. Реалізація поставлених завдань роботи передбачала використання комплексу загальноприйнятих аналітичних, зоотехнічних, біохімічних, біометричних методів. У рамках проведених пошукових експериментів встановлено покращення хімічного складу молока вівцематок, яке супроводжувалось збільшенням вмісту масової частки жиру та значним зниженням вмісту соматичних клітин. Зокрема, за вмістом масової частки жиру вівцематки дослідної групи мали незначну перевагу на 5,7 % над представницями контрольної групи, тоді як за вмістом білку, навпаки, поступались їм – на 13,3 %. Вміст масових часток сухої речовини, сухого знежиреного залишку та лактози перебував майже на одному рівні. Щодо молодняку: суспензія наноалмазів забезпечила незначне підвищення інтенсивності росту, рівня збереженості та поліпшення загального фізіологічного стану. В цілому, за період від 20 діб до 3-місячного віку, суспензії наноалмазів сприяла підвищенню середньодобових приростів у дослідних ягнят, які були на 10,6–11,3 % вищими порівняно з контрольними, що й вплинуло на збільшення їх живої маси при відлученні на 6,7 і 6,9 % проти контролю. Крім того, незначне підвищення в сироватці крові молодняку дослідних груп у кінці досліду загального білка на 2,7 і 8,6 %, альбумінів – на 2,2 і 3,1 %, гамма-глобулінів – на 5,6 і 1,8 %, коефіцієнта А/Г – на 9,5 і 13,5 % та глюкози – на 1,6 % в обох випадках порівняння свідчить про підвищення в їх організмі кровотворних функцій та певне посилення обмінних процесів, що підтверджується вищою живою масою. Однак ці відмінності були на рівні тенденції. Тоді як введення суспензії наноалмазів різними способами (перорально і підшкірно) не мало істотної різниці. Для подальшого виявлення механізму впливу суспензії наноалмазів на організм овець варто провести тривалішу перевірку його використання з залученням до груп більшої чисельності тварин та розширення низки фізіологічних досліджень.
The results of evaluating the breeding value of rams of different genotypes by a wide range of productivity indicators of their descendants are presented. Tribal rams of the Kharkov interbreed type of Prekos breed of 2-3 years of age, as well as crosses from the introductory crossing of Prekos sheep with the Romanov breed and Merinolandsheep, were evaluated. The resulting offspring were grown under the conditions of one production flock. The evaluation considered the indicators of the reproductive ability of ewes, sex and type of birth of the offspring, the safety of lambs from birth to 20 days of age, the dynamics of the average daily growth of daughters in the uterus and at the age of birth to 20 days and from 21 to 90 days, live weight indicators were considered, cutting and length of hair of daughters at the age of 14 months. Studies have established that the average yield of lambs throughout the sample was 115.3 % per 100 ewes, with significant differences between the estimated producers - from 105.1 to 131.3 %. This indicator did not have a definite relationship with the genotype of the estimated sheep. Among the offspring of all rams, males slightly prevail over females in the ratio of 1.09 to 1. This advantage is due to the large number of rams born among same-sex twins. Their part exceeded 28 %, while only 23.4 % turned out to be similar in type of birth. By the sum of the ranks that were put to individual sheep for the indicators of the average daily growth of daughters at different periods of their growth, the best cross-breed sheep No. 1625 and No. 9953 are distinguished. On the whole, there is a fairly clear tendency for a positive relationship between the ranks for the growth rate in the embryonic period and the same indicator for posterity aged 21-90 days. According to both the ranking and the probity-based evaluation results, ram No. 1625 (a created line based on crossing with the Romanov breed) is assigned to complex improvers. The rest topping ram out to be improvers of individual traits, and the producer of the breed Prekos No. 1823 was an improvement in production of wool and length of staple. Ram No. 1960 turned out to be a complex deteriorator in the quality of offspring. The descendants of rams No. 4464 and 9953, derived from the breed of Merino landscape, reliably (p≤0.01), by 18.6-20.8 % in terms of wool coefficients, are inferior to the daughters of ram No. 1823, breed Prekos, which is an unconditional evidence of the strengthening of their characters meat productivity over wool one.
The study was conducted during 2013-2021 in the breeding breeder LLC "Agrofirma" Mayak "Kotelevsky district of Poltava region. Comparing the indicators of animals according to estimates in 2013 with the current herd, it was found that the group of live weight differs by only 1.4%. Rams of the modern herd exceed by 13.1% on this basis, and adult broods are inferior by 20.7%. The latter is a consequence of the intensive use of the main rams due to their use during the 6-month breeding cycle currently used on the farm. The wool productivity of the modern herd is 20.9% higher than that of the original herd. The shearing of unwashed wool in broodstock decreased by 15.1%, and in the other group - on the contrary, increased by almost 40%. The latter is a consequence of higher selection pressure in the formation of the group of broodstock at the present stage of work with the herd, compared to the previous period. No significant differences in the length of wool in sheep of different groups for the compared period were found. Depending on the age at grading, the indicators of the live weight of bright TTAs differed significantly. Animals born in March predominated both juniors (12-13 months old, born in April-May) by 2.2 and 10.1%, and older (15 months old) by 2.6%. At the same time, the brightness of the modern herd as a whole is 16.6% higher than the live weight of peers who were raised before the purchase in the maternal herd - breeding farm LLC"Askaniyske". In terms of unwashed wool shearing, the predominance was for the oldest animals (15 months old, born in February) by 13.5-24.2%. It was found that the indicators of live weight and shearing of unwashed wool local bright ½ TTAs x ½ W predominated purebred peers by 7.8 kg (14.5%). The difference in live weight compared to purebred animals of the Taurian type of Askanian breed, which lambed at 15 months of age was 7.2 kg, or 13.1% (p≤0.01), and between non-lambing peers - 9, 7 kg (16.8%). There was no difference in the shearing of unwashed wool and the length of the staple.
The studies were carried out during 2020-2021 on ewes (515 heads) of the Kharkiv intrabreed type of the Prekos breed (KhTP) and their offspring in the conditions of the breeding plant of the State Enterprise of the Experimental Farm Gontarovka of the Institute of Animal Sciencе of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It was established that for 45 days during artificial insemination, the fertility of sheep (OP), calculated according to the results of their lambing, averaged 91.8 %. The highest rate was characterized by sheep that had the third lamb - 97.3 %. According to the results of 4-6 lambs, a relatively stable high fertility of queens was noted - 93.4-95.3 %. Significant downward deviations of this indicator were observed in ewes used for reproduction in the first and second years, and especially in animals with 7 and 8 or more lambing. Analysis of variance found that the age factor of ewes is highly likely (p<0.01) associated with their fertility, and the strength of its influence ŋх 2 is 0.491. The factor of individual rams-producers also influences (OP) ewes. The variability due to the influence of this factor varied from 87 to 95.1 %. Different (OP) of ewes, due to their age, had a corresponding effect on the indicators of their multiple pregnancy (P), calculated per 100 inseminated heads. This indicator in ewes for the first fifth lamb ranged from 113 to 150 lambs. At the same time, there is a clear trend of its growth due to the increase in the number of reproductive years. However, this trend is not linear and is valid for animals with 1-6 lambs. Ewes with 7 and 8 or more lambs worsen their reproductive ability rather sharply.
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