The article considers the ways of reducing the formation of greenhouse gases and ammonia in the digestive tract of lactating cows. Reduction of emissions is based on increasing the absorption of nutrients by animals due to the use of our specialized additive that rumen escape proteinand starch protected from disintegration in the rumen. The effect of increasing the absorption of nutrients was confirmed in an experiment on fistula animals. It was found that feeding the developed supplement led to some changes in the digestibility of dietary nutrients. In the rumen, the digestibility of crude protein decreased from 6.52 ± 10.047 % to –15.62 ± 3.047 % and crude fat - from 13.49 ± 10.545 % to 1.33 ± 9.611 %, that indicates an increase in microbial synthesis; and the digestibility of crude fiber and nitrogen-free extractives increased from 73.98 ± 6.995 % to 77.82 ± 8.920 % and from 71.29 ± 5.629 % to 80.71 ± 8.878 %, respectively. Tests of the developed additive under production conditions were also carried out. The productivity of experimental cows directly depended on the level of introduction of the additive TEP-mix to the diet. Along with the increase in milk yield of experimental animals, there was a pronounced trend of increasing fat content and protein content in milk, which indicated a significant improvement in protein and energy nutrition in experimental cows. It was found that during the experiment the milk yield of cows probably increased by 7-137 %. The use of the supplement provided lengthening of the lactation peak plateau and lactation curve from 52 to 61 - 65 days, or 22-25 %. There was also a positive effect of the supplement on the prevention of the syndrome of weight loss of cows; there was a reduction in its losses during the first 100 days of lactation by more than 22-27%. Increasing the nutrient uptake of nutrients by cows provided an equivalent reduction in greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions. It was found that when using the additive TEP-mix in feeding lactating cows (feeding 1 kg of additive TEP-mix instead of 1 kg of standard feed) productivity increases by 2.15 kg of milk and reduces emissions of carbon dioxide by 522.54 ± 13.41 g and ammonia per 41 ± 0.13 g per day.
Relevance. With a high intensity of growth of animals during the growing period and the initial fattening period, when there is a predominant accumulation of muscle mass, microbial protein and a low amount of non-degradable protein are not able to meet the needs of a growing organism in amino acids. To obtain high gains, it is necessary to increase the amount of metabolic amino acids due to the intake of undeveloped well-digested protein into the intestine.Methods. Two periods of experiment were conducted on 3 groups of bulls (n = 3) during the growing and fattening period with different levels of degradation protein in the diets. The level of degradation protein was changed through the use of processed and unprocessed sunflower meal and was controlled by incubation methods in sacco, as well as by conducting balance experiments, monitoring microbial-enzymatic processes in the rumen and blood parameters.Results. It was found that reducing the disintegration of crude protein by replacing part of the natural sunflower meal with processed provides a significant reduction in the ammonia content in the scar fluid from 9,73 мg / 100 ml to 9,0 during the growing period (p < 0,1) and from 16,8 mg / 100 ml to 13,2 during the fattening period (p < 0,05), due to which nitrogen excretion in urine decreased from 31,0 to 26,0 g/day (p < 0,05) and from 73,0 to 62,0 g/day (p < 0,05) and the average daily gain in body weight increased from 1300 to 1375 g/day (p < 0,05) in the corresponding periods.
A method for calculating a complex integral indicator of the metabolic state of an animal's body based on a biochemical blood test is proposed. The essence of the method lies in the fact that within the reference zone of distribution of each biochemical indicator included in the processing, its actual value turns into an index of relative normality equal to 100 % if the result of the analysis coincides with the middle of the reference zone and equal to 0 % if it coincides with the extreme values. When the indicator goes beyond the reference range, the relative normality index takes negative values. The conversion of the actual value (quality) was carried out taking into account linear proportionality. Integration was performed by calculating the arithmetic mean for all available blood biochemical parameters. As a result of such processing of the biochemical analysis of blood parameters, an integral parameter is obtained that characterizes the metabolic status of the animal's body as a percentage of the conditional norm. In this case, an important characteristic of the state of the body is the dispersion of the obtained value of "normality". This method processed the results of blood tests of lactating cows under the influence of the feeding factor. When applying the dispersion statistical method of analysis, no influence of the feed factor on the status of the biochemical profile of varnishing cows was revealed. Dispersion analysis of converted blood biochemical parameters to units of conditional normality established the difference between the control group of animals and the experimental group at the level of a trend. The variance value of the normality coefficient decreased by the end of the second period in the control group by 42.95 %, and in the experimental group by 57.89 % compared with the first period. The proposed method of qualimetric transformation of blood biochemical parameters can be used for rapid assessment of the current biochemical status of lactating cows, provided that the influence of one or another feeding factor is adequately analyzed.
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