Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (ML-MoS2) is an emergent two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor holding potential for flexible integrated circuits (ICs). The most important demands for the application of such ML-MoS2 ICs are low power consumption and high performance. However, these are currently challenging to satisfy due to limitations in the material quality and device fabrication technology. In this work, we develop an ultra-thin high-κ dielectric/metal gate fabrication technique for the realization of thin film transistors based on high-quality wafer scale ML-MoS2 on both rigid and flexible substrates. The rigid devices can be operated in the deep-subthreshold regime with low power consumption and show negligible hysteresis, sharp subthreshold slope, high current density, and ultra-low leakage currents. Moreover, we realize fully functional large-scale flexible ICs operating at voltages below 1 V. Our process could represent a key step towards using energy-efficient flexible ML-MoS2 ICs in portable, wearable, and implantable electronics.
The
purpose of this study was to compare the hepatoprotective effects
of Oxy (oxyresveratrol), Res (resveratrol), and MulA (mulberroside
A) (80 mg/kg body weight/d, i.g.) on acute liver injury (ALI) induced
by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine (d-GalN)
in mice. After 7 h of LPS (50 μg/kg body weight, i.p.) and d-GalN (500 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) exposure, the activities
of serum transaminases and antioxidant enzymes were determined. The
expressions of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear
factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signal pathway, the nuclear
factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway, and the mitogen-activated
protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway related proteins were evaluated
by Western blot assays. Histopathological analysis was performed by
hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining on the separated livers of mice.
The results showed that treatment with Oxy, Res, and MulA could significantly
decreases the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase
(AST) (P < 0.01). MulA was the most effective
ingredient among the three, and the ALT and AST levels were reduced
at 90.3 ± 1.3% and 93.9 ± 1.1% compared with the LPS/D-GalN
treated group (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the stilbenes
curbed the expression of inflammatory factors, NF-κB pathway
activation, and MAPKs phosphorylation and upregulated antioxidant
enzymes, Nrf2, NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), and heme oxygenase-1
(HO-1) expression levels. Stilbenes might protect the ALI caused by
LPS/d-GalN through inhibiting the negative effectiveness
of oxidation stress and inflammation. The protective performance of
MulA was better than those of Oxy and Res, and we hypothesize that
it might be due to the mediation of the specific metabolic pathway
of the MulA in vivo. All of these results implied
that stilbenes in mulberry twigs might be promising as natural additives.
To
enhance the sensing performance of precious metal nanomaterials,
porous Ag-chitosan nanospheres (AgNPs-cys-CS) were developed for the
first time in this work. There was a strong coordination bonding interaction
between the Ag nanospheres and the −SH groups in cysteine,
accompanied by hydrogen bonds or esterification between the −OH
groups in chitosan and the −COOH groups in cysteine. Porous
Ag nanospheres and chitosan chains were bridged by cysteine residues.
After its structure and properties were characterized in detail, we
found that the AgNPs-cys-CS material expressed exclusive colorimetric
recognition of Hg2+ with a color change from yellow to
colorless. Under the optimized conditions, the partitioned linear
range of c
Hg
2+ was quite wide
from 8.0 to 14 000.0 × 10–8 mol·L–1 and the detection limit was 1.2 × 10–9 mol·L–1, far below the restricted limit for
the presence of Hg2+ in drinking water set by the World
Health Organization. After detection, more than 92.8% of the Hg2+ in the samples was separated by a simple filtration process.
The secondary pollution caused during the detection process was eliminated
accordingly. The action mechanism was proposed to form silver amalgam
on the surface of the AgNPs-cys-CS by virtue of the reducibility of
chitosan.
semiconductors such as monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) are promising building blocks for ultrascaled field effect transistors (FETs), benefiting from their atomic thickness, dangling-bond-free flat surface, and excellent gate controllability. However, despite great prospects, the fabrication of 2D ultrashort channel FETs with high performance and uniformity remains a challenge. Here, we report a self-encapsulated heterostructure undercut technique for the fabrication of sub-10 nm channel length MoS 2 FETs. The fabricated 9 nm channel MoS 2 FETs exhibit superior performances compared with sub-15 nm channel length including the competitive onstate current density of 734/433 μA/μm at V DS = 2/1 V, record-low DIBL of ∼50 mV/V, and superior on/off ratio of 3 × 10 7 and low subthreshold swing of ∼100 mV/dec. Furthermore, the ultrashort channel MoS 2 FETs fabricated by this new technique show excellent homogeneity. Thanks to this, we scale the monolayer inverter down to sub-10 nm channel length.
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