Articles you may be interested inTemperature-dependent polarization back-switching and dielectric nonlinearity in PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3 ferroelectric thin films J. Appl. Phys. 116, 034109 (2014); 10.1063/1.4890340 Direct observation of fatigue in epitaxially grown Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films using second harmonic piezoresponse force microscopy Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 052904 (2011); 10.1063/1.3619839 Microstructure and ferroelectric properties of low-fatigue epitaxial, all (001)-oriented ( Bi , La ) 4 Ti 3 O 12 ∕ Pb ( Zr 0.4 Ti 0.6 ) O 3 ∕ ( Bi , La ) 4 Ti 3 O 12 trilayered thin films on (001) Sr Ti O 3 substrates J. Appl. Phys. 98, 014101 (2005); 10.1063/1.1946913 Growth, structure, and properties of all-epitaxial ferroelectric ( Bi , La ) 4 Ti 3 O 12 ∕ Pb ( Zr 0.4 Ti 0.6 ) O 3 ∕ ( Bi , La ) 4 Ti 3 O 12 trilayered thin films on Sr Ru O 3 -covered Sr Ti O 3 ( 011 ) substrates Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 082906 (2005); 10.1063/1.1864248 Effect of oxygen stoichiometry on the ferroelectric property of epitaxial all-oxide La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 /Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 /La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 thin-film capacitors

In patients with knee OA, SPECT findings are well correlated with clinical findings, such as pain scores and physical examinations, and SPECT appears to be a sensitive tool for early detection of knee OA. SPECT information could be useful for determining clinical severity of knee OA and for diagnosing early OA more effectively.

The state-selective dissociation dynamics for anionic and excited neutral fragments of gaseous SiCl 4 following Cl 2p and Si 2p core-level excitations were characterized by combining measurements of the photoninduced anionic dissociation, x-ray absorption and UV/visible dispersed fluorescence. The transitions of core electrons to high Rydberg states/doubly excited states in the vicinity of both Si 2p and Cl 2p ionization thresholds of gaseous SiCl 4 lead to a remarkably enhanced production of anionic, Si − and Cl − , fragments and excited neutral atomic, Si * , fragments. This enhancement via core-level excitation near the ionization threshold of gaseous SiCl 4 is explained in terms of the contributions from the Auger decay of doubly excited states, shake-modified resonant Auger decay, or/and post-collision interaction. These complementary results provide insight into the state-selective anionic and excited neutral fragmentation of gaseous molecules via core-level excitation.

Role of dual-laser ablation in controlling the Pb depletion in epitaxial growth of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 thin films with enhanced surface quality and ferroelectric properties Photovoltaic characteristics in polycrystalline and epitaxial ( Pb 0.97 La 0.03 ) ( Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 ) O 3 ferroelectric thin films sandwiched between different top and bottom electrodes

The aim of this study was to ascertain whether knee SPET can localize lesion sites in patients with internal derangements of the knee. We performed knee SPET as a pre-arthroscopic examination in 63 consecutive patients. SPET imaging was performed with a triple-headed SPET camera 4 h after the injection of 99Tcm-methylene diphosphonate. Arthroscopic diagnoses were as follows: 28 medial meniscus injuries, 24 lateral meniscus injuries, 31 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, three posterior cruciate ligament injuries and one medial collateral ligament injury. Of 30 patients with crescent-shaped increased activity at the medial tibial plateau, 22 had medial meniscus injuries (positive predictive value: PPV 73%); of 17 patients with crescent-shaped activity at the lateral tibial plateau, 13 had lateral meniscus injuries (PPV 76%). Of 18 patients with increased activity at ACL attachment sites (primary sign), 17 had ACL injuries (PPV 94%). Of 27 patients with increased activity at bone impaction sites of ACL injury (secondary sign), 22 had ACL injuries (PPV 81%). Of 32 patients who had either a primary or secondary sign, 26 had ACL injuries (PPV 81%). We conclude that knee SPET is very useful in the management of internal derangements of the knee, particularly in determining the need for arthroscopy by localizing lesion sites.

We investigated the retention characteristics of (Bi,La)4Ti3O12 (BLT) capacitors and their lateral size effects in a fully integrated device structure. Unlike the commonly used Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 capacitors for ferroelectric random access memories (FeRAMs), which have poor opposite-state retention characteristics, BLT capacitors showed very stable characteristics in both the same- and the opposite-state retention tests. These good retention properties were closely related to the small amount of imprint in the BLT capacitors. In addition, the retention characteristics of BLT capacitors showed no practical degradation due to the size reduction, down to 0.49×0.64μm2, which could be used for highly integrated FeRAMs of 32MB density.

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Pulse switching properties were studied in polycrystalline Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 capacitors to check a recently proposed nucleation limited switching (NLS) model, where very wide switching was observed. The backing-switching responses (P b ) at the end of writing pulses were studied to understand the role of writing pulse together with switching polarization ( P). The P b + P, with high enough write voltage, is almost independent of writing pulse width (t w ), even though P is observed to increase with increasing t w . From these results, it is concluded that the NLS dynamics are attributed to the switching and poling processes with external fields around coercive fields.