Aloe vera is one of many medicinal plants used as hypoglycemic. Higher glucose levels are one of the characteristics of diabetes mellitus. This research aimed to study effectiveness of Aloe vera peel extract on insulin and serum glucose levels of rats with type 2 diabetic. Twenty Wistar rats were induced intraperitoneally using single dose of 65 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) and 230 mg/kg of nicotinamide acid (NA). The rats were divided into control and treatment groups, which was supplemented using 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight of Aloe vera peel extracts for 28 days, respectively. The serum glucose levels were measured after three days of induction, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment, while the insulin levels were measured after three days of induction and at the end of treatment. In the control groups, the serum glucose levels in the second and fourth weeks remained significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to the treatment group. The insulin levels of the groups with Aloe vera peel extract was significantly higher than control group. Aloe vera peel extract exerts hypoglycemic effects by reducing the blood glucose level and improving insulin secretion on the type 2 diabetic rats.
Chitosan is a potential natural blood lead chelating agent. In order to improve its chelating capability, the solubility of chitosan must be enhanced. It is an essential property which is also closely related to molecular weight and viscosity. One of the most renowned and effective methods to reduce the molecular weight and viscosity of a certain particle is irradiation. This research aims to examine the effect of Gamma 60Co irradiation upon molecular weight and viscosity of chitosan. 80 mesh chitosan was irradiated using Gamma 60Co with different doses (0, 50, 100, and 150 kGy). This process was carried out using gamma irradiator in the Centre of Isotopes and Radiation Application at BATAN (National Nuclear Energy Agency). Viscosity and molecular weight measurements were conducted using the viscosimetric method in the chemistry laboratory of FMIPA UNNES, while molecular weight was calculated using the Mark-Houwink equation. Results showed that the specific viscosity of chitosan decreased after the irradiation process from the initial specific viscosity of 4.98 η (0 kGy dose) to 3.28 η (50 kGy), 2.87 η (100 kGy), and 2.09 η (150 kGy). A similar trend was also found in the molecular weight of chitosan from the initial molecular weight of 2.10×105 kDa (0 kGy dose) to 1.25×105 kDa (50 kGy), 1.04×105 kDa (100 kGy), and 5.72 × 104 kDa (150 kGy). It was concluded that Gamma Co60 irradiation decreases the viscosity and molecular weight of chitosan by the effective dose of 150 kGy.
BACKGROUNDDiabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by lack of insulin production in the pancreas or by insulin resistance, the disease being characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia in diabetes could lead to oxidative stress due to the rise in 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) levels and the decrease in levels of total antioxidant status (TAS). The purpose of this study was to assess the effect Aloe vera extract on 8-oxodG level and total antioxidant status in diabetic rat testis.
The intestinal mucosal was a physical barrier of host defense against foreign pathogens. This research was conducted to elaborate the distribution of IgA and its relation to the abundance of muscovy duck intestinal microbes. Muscovy duck samples were obtained from local community farms in Gunungpati Subdistrict, Semarang City, which were maintained in the barn (non-cage). Each muscovy duck sample was slaughtered and dissected the chest cavity to the abdomen and then taken the intestinal organs. A total of 5g of intestinal contents was taken aseptically and used for NGS analysis. Furthermore, intestinal tissue was made into histology slides for immunohistochemical IgA analysis. The results of the immunohistochemical analysis showed that the IRS score of the small and large intestine were 4 (moderate). Muscovy duck in this study was healthy or normal, so the IRS score was in position 4 (moderate). Intestinal bacteria were dominated by Firmicutes phyla (48.71%), followed by Proteobacteria (32.87%) and Actinobacteria (8.32%). At the ordo level, bacterial composition was dominated by the ordo Enterobacteriales (32.08%), Clostridiales (21.04%), Bacillales (14.84%) and Lactobacillales (13.41%). In this intestinal muscovy duck, there was an equilibrium of microbiota components and there was no exogenous microorganisms that stimulate the overexpression of IgA production.
This study was aimed to compare sugars and amino acid content in duck’s feed and the intestinal bacteria's effects to improve ducks' quality. This research was an observational exploration involving five duck husbandries from Semarang, Temanggung, Magelang, Pati, and Salatiga District, Central Java. A total of 5 g of intestinal contents were collected from each of the five ducks randomly selected from each husbandry. The feed and intestinal contents were then analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest amino acid types were glutamate, aspartate, lysine, valine, and isoleucine, while the lowest was asparagine found in all sample farms. Intestinal contents freshly extracted then placed in dark bottles sterile for microbiome analysis with primers 6S rRNA V3-V4 genome identification. The concentration of glucose, fructose, and galactose in the intestine has increased significantly caused by digested polysaccharides. The composition of bacteria plays a vital role in digesting polysaccharides, makes them quickly absorbed by duck’s intestine cells. The abundance of bacteria in all sample locations was dominated by the phylum Firmicutes, especially Lactobacilalles, Bacilalles, and Clostridialles. Over feeding may not effective in sugar and essential amino acid absorption, however, it may play an essential role in the diversity of gut bacteria to produce necessary component for duck’s physiology.
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera peel extract on the antioxidant levels of serum and seminal plasma of type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rat was injected by 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) combined with 230 mg/kg of Nicotinamide acid (NA) intraperitoneally. The rats were declared to have diabetic with fasting blood glucose level > 200 mg/dl 72 hours after induction. Diabetic rat samples were divided into four groups, control group (diabetes without treatment) and three groups were treated by Aloe vera peel extracts orally: 100 mg (P.1), 200 mg (P.2), and 400 mg/kg body weight (P.3), respectively. Antioxidant levels of serum and seminal plasma, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were examined after 28 days of treatment. Results: The levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH in the group receiving Aloe vera peel extract were statistically significant (p <0.05) higher than the control. There were also significant differences between the dose variations group. Conclusion: Aloe vera peel extract can significantly increase antioxidant levels in serum and seminal plasma of type 2 diabetic mice.
Panti Asuhan Yafikhi memiliki lahan kosong yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai perkebunan. Tantangan dalam pengembangan pertanian hortikultura adalah keseimbangan penggunaan bahan organik dan anorganik. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberdayakan warga panti asuhan Yafikhi dalam (1) merancang arsitektur landscape “Taman TOGA” sesuai dengan luas dan kondisi lahan, (2) mengumpulkan dan menanam toga sesuai dengan landscape yang telah dibuat, (3) Menerapkan bioteknologi dalam pemanfaatan limbah rumah tangga menjadi pupuk organik, (4) merawat dan mengelola kebun TOGA menggunakan pupuk organik, (5) memanfaatkan tanaman obat untuk menjaga kesehatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah workshop, praktik, dan pendampingan. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman warga mitra (Panti Asuhan Yafikhi Semarang) tentang pentingnya tanaman obat untuk menjaga kesehatan, terampil merancang dan mewujudkan Taman TOGA, terampil mengelola sampah rumah tangga menjadi kompos padat dan pupuk organik cair, dan terampil menggunakan pupuk organik untuk memelihara taman TOGA.
Laboratory technician skills in handling experimental animals are needed by the study program, which uses experimental animals in the lecture and research process. The Biology Laboratory of FMIPA UNNES has the resources to practice these skills. As the realization of the 3rd Dharma of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education, community service is carried out to improve the skills of higher education laboratory technicians both private and public universities in the city of Semarang in handling experimental animals. The method used is training in the form of hands-on practice. The animals used were mice and white rats. The trained practices were bioethics, maintenance techniques, handling, gavage, drawing blood, and vaginal smears of experimental animals. The participants consisted of 29 laboratory technicians from general medicine, dentistry, biology, biology education, pharmacy, and animal husbandry study programs. The training instructors consist of lecturers, technicians, and student assistants. The training was held for two days by implementing health protocols. As a result, the participants improved their skills. From the beginning, only 29,26% of participants had the knowledge and skills to handle experimental animals at the end of the training, increasing to 86.84%. It concludes that the participants have increased their knowledge and skills in handling experimental animals.
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