Abstract based on the International Ballast Water Management regulations (IBWM), waste water ballast itself has the attention of some researchers to reduce the amount of waste species present in the ballast water with a variety of methods, as of biological, physical, mechanical, and chemical. The decision-making tools such as ballast water heater, flow-through system and others where possible these tools can minimize waste species in ballast water at a certain temperature or pressure of the flow according to the calculations. This study was aimed to calculate and analysis the effectiveness of the system treatment between Option 1 (Economizer & Bundle) and Option 2 (Economizer & Heat Excharger) then it will compare. First option is using economizer and bundles to transfer a heat from a source heat of exhaust gas then medium by thermal oil circulated. The second option is using economizer and heat excharger where a same heat source , but sea water from ballast tank sirculated to heat excharger. And from economizer to heat excharger is using thermal oil as a heat medium. For all calculation and anaalysis is using softwere HTRI. First option having a duty 2.

Mother's knowledge about prevention of diarrhea can cause diarrhea deteriorate that leads to death or getting better, depend on the management of diarrhea that mother do. The purpose of the present study is to find out the relationship between mother's knowledge on diarrhea prevention against treatment of diarrhea in children 1-5 years. This research method is a survey research with cross sectional approach and point-time models.The population of the study is all mothers who have children 1-5 years old in April 2015 amounted to 235 people. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling by lottery technique. The data is analyzing by Kendall tau. The results of the research are 22 respondents (46.8%) have good knowledge and management of diarrhea in children 1-5 years, 13 respondents (27.7%) have quite good knowledge and management of diarrhea in children 1-5 years, one respondent (2, 1%) lack of knowledge and management of diarrhea in children 1-5 years. There is a relationship between mother's knowledge on diarrhea prevention against treatment of diarrhea in children 1-5 years old at Jemowo village in 2015 with a p-value = 0.000 (p <0.05). The conclusion from this study showed there was relationship between mother's knowledge on diarrhea prevention against treatment of diarrhea in children 1-5 years old at Jemowo village in 2015. It is expected for mothers to increase knowledge and increase awareness in the prevention and treatment of diarrhea. ABSTRAK Pengetahuan ibu tentang penanggulangan diare dapat menyebabkan diare memburuk mengarah ke kematian atau membaik tergantung dengan penatalakasanaan diare yang dilakukan ibu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang penanggulangan diare terhadap penatalaksanaan diare pada balita usia 1-5 tahun. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian survey dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan model point-time. Populasi penelitian adalah semua ibu yang memiliki balita usia 1-5 tahun pada bulan April 2015 berjumlah 235 orang. Tehnik sampling yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling dengan cara lottery technique. Analisis data menggunakan Kendal tau. Hasil penelitian adalah 22 responden (46 %) erpengetahuan baik dan penatalaksanaan diare pada balita usia 1-5 tahun baik, 13 responden (27,7%) berpengetahuan cukup dan penatalaksanaan diare pada balita usia 1-5 tahun cukup, 1 responden (2,1%) berpengetahuan kurang dan penatalaksanaan diare pada balita usia 1-5 tahun kurang. Ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang penanggulangan diare dengan penatalaksanaan diare 1-5 tahun di desa Jemowo tahun 2015 dengan p-value=0,000 (p < 0,05). Simpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang penanggulangan diare dengan penatalaksanaan diare pada balita usia 1-5 tahun di Desa Jemowo tahun 2015. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, penatalaksanaan diare

Purpose: Our study aimed to investigate the combinatorial effect of vitamin C and E on oxidative stress, the number of folicles, and hormonal level in female rats orally exposed to monosodium glutamate (MSG). Materials and Methods:Female, twelve weeks old Wistar rats ingested with of MSG at dose 140 mg/200 gram body weight (bw) with or without combination of vitamin C and E. Twenty five rats were divided into five group (n = 5 each), control group, MSG-treatment group, MSG-treatment + 0.2 mg/g bw vitamin C + 0.04 IU/g bw vitamin E (MSG + CE1), MSG-treatment + 0.4 mg/g bw vitamin C + 0.04 IU/g bw vitamin E (MSG + CE2), and MSG-treatment + 0.6 mg/g bw vitamin C + 0.04 IU/g bw vitamin E (MSG + CE1). Analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) level was done colorimetrically. Analysis of the number of ovarian follicles was done histopathologically with hematoxylin eosin staining. Analysis of 17β-estradiol and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were done by ELISA technique. Results: There were significantly (P < 0.05) increased ovarium MDA levels and atresia follicle number in groups exposed to MSG compared to non-exposure group. The level of FSH, 17β-estradiol, the number of primary, secondary, de Graaf follicles were significantly lower in MSG-treatment group compared to control group (P < 0.05). The administration of combined vitamin C and E (second and third dose) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the MDA levels and the number of atresia follicle compared to the MSG-exposed groups, to reach level in control group (P > 0.05). MSG + CE2 and MSG + CE3 significantly increased FSH level, number of primary follicles, compared to MSG-treatment group (P < 0.05), to reach similar level in control group (P > 0.05). All dose of combined vitamin C and E significantly increased 17β-estradiol level and the number of secondary and de Graaf follicles compared to MSG-treatment group (P < 0.05), to reach significantly higher level compared to control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion:The present data suggest that combination of vitamin C and E as in this study inhibited ovarium toxicity caused by MSG treatment. Keywords: glutamate; antioxidant; folliculogenesis; hormone; lipid peroxidation Sadece MSG verilmiş grup ile karşılaştırıldıklarında; C ve E vitaminlerinin tüm dozlarının, 17β-estradiol düzeyi ile sekonder ve graff folikül sayılarını anlamlı olarak arttırdıkları tespit edilmiştir (P < 0.05). C ve E vitaminlerinin verildiği gruplarda, 17β-estradiol düzeyi ile sekonder ve graffolikül sayıları, kontrol grubunun üzerindeki düzeylere ulaşmıştır (P < 0.05).Sonuç: Bulgularımız C ve E vitamin kombinesinin MSG'ya maruz kalmaya bağlı olarak gelişen ovaryum toksisitesini inhibe ettiği sonucunu ortaya koymuştur.

Latar Belakang: Seorang ibu hamil biasa mengalami kecemasan. Pada TM III kecemasan disebabkan oleh kekhawatiran menghadapi persalinan dan apakah bayinya lahir normal atau cacat. Kecemasan meningkatkan kadar norepinefrin dalam darah melalui stimulasi sistem saraf simpatis. Perubahan kimia ini menyebabkan kurangnya waktu tidur tahap IV NREM dan tidur REM serta lebih banyak perubahan dalam tahap tidur lain dan lebih sering terbangun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat kecemasan dengan kualitas tidur pada ibu hamil trimester III di BPM Siti Sujalmi Socokangsi Jatinom. Metode: Desain penelitian deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini ibu hamil trimester III di BPM Siti Sujalmi Socokangsi Jatinom, sebanyak 40 responden dengan teknik total sampling. Alat pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner Hamilton Rating Scale For Anxiety (HRS-A) untuk mengukur tingkat kecemasan dan Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) untuk mengukur kualitas tidur. Analisis data yang digunakan chi square. Hasil : Penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan tingkat kecemasan dengan kualitas tidur pada ibu hamil trimester III di BPM Siti Sujalmi Socokangsi dengan P value sebesar 0,021. Simpulan : Ibu hamil trimester III dapat memperbaiki kualitas tidur dengan mengurangi aktivitas dan istirahat yang cukup, perasaan cemas dengan cara relaksasi, senam ibu hamil, dan yoga.

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