High consumption of fuel and emissions from ships has brought a new perspective tospeed optimization of ship. The reducing in fuel consumption can provide higher savings on the total cost of the vessel. Some regulations on environmental issues have been designated by International Maritime Organization (IMO) and other bodies. This research is based on the development of speed optimization. With case studies of MV. Meratus Mamiri which serving routes of Tj. Priok portTj. Perak port, Indonesia. The result of this study expected reduce the fuel consumption and emission of the ship based on speed optimization.

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Natural gas is promising alternative fuel to meet strict engine emission regulations in many countries. Compressed natural gas (CNG) has long been used in stationary engines, but the application of CNG as a transport engines fuel has been considerably advanced over the last decade by the development of lightweight high-pressure storage cylinders. Engine conversion technology is well established and suitable conversion equipment is readily available. For spark ignition engines there are two options, a bi-fuel conversion and use a dedicated to CNG engine. For compression ignition engines converted to run on natural gas, there are two main options discussed, there are dual-fuel engines and normal ignition can be initiated. Natural gas engines can operate at lean burn and stoichiometric conditions with different combustion and emission characteristics. In this paper, the CNG engines research and development fueled using CNG are highlighted to keep the output power, torque and emissions of natural gas engines comparable to their gasoline or diesel counterparts. The high activities for future CNG engines research and development to meet future CNG engines is recorded in the paper.

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The computational model simulation development is use the commercial computational fluid dynamics of GT-POWER 6.2 software were specially development for internal combustion engines performance simulation. The research concentrated on one dimensional model and focuses on fuel nozzles multi holes geometries variation developed from all of the engine components size measurement of the original selected diesel engine. All of the measurements data input to the window engines component menu for running input data in the model. Results of the diesel engine fuel nozzles multi holes geometries model simulation running is in GT-POST. The model performance shows in engine cylinder and engine crank-train on software window output. The performance analysis effect of the model investigated of fuel in-cylinder engine, indicated specific fuel consumption, indicated torque and indicated power of engine modeled. The simulation result was shows that the seven holes nozzle provided the best burning for fuel in-cylinder burned and the five holes nozzle provided the best for indicted power, indicated torque and indicated specific fuel consumption in any different engine speed in simulation

Problem statement:The Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a gaseous form of natural gas, it have been recognized as one of the promising alternative fuel due to its substantial benefits compared to gasoline and diesel. Natural gas is produced from gas wells or tied in with crude oil production. Approach: Natural gas is promising alternative fuel to meet strict engine emission regulations in many countries. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) has long been used in stationary engines, but the application of CNG as a transport engines fuel has been considerably advanced over the last decade by the development of lightweight high-pressure storage cylinders. Results: The technology of engine conversion was well established and suitable conversion equipment is readily available. For petrol engines or spark ignition engines there are two options, a bi-fuel conversion and use a dedicated to CNG engine. The diesel engines converted or designed to run on natural gas, there were two main options discussed. There are dual-fuel engines and normal ignition can be initiated. Natural gas engines can be operated at lean burn and stoichiometric conditions with different combustion and emission characteristics. Conclusions: In this study, the low exhaust gas emissions of CNG engines research and development were highlighted. Stoichiometric natural gas engines were briefly reviewed. To keep the output power, torque and emissions of natural gas engines comparable to their gasoline or diesel counterparts. High activity for future green CNG engines research and development to meet future stringent emissions standards was recorded in the study.

Abstractthe world has the same problem to reduce emissions. Based the problem, many technologies invented to reduce the Emission. One of them is EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation). EGR is the most simpleNOx reduction by circulating potion of exhaust gas return into the combustion chamber. EGR system is often known by the name the hot EGR where exhaust gas circulation process without cooling system. This new Hot EGR system is designed by the addition of cooling system with air-cooled type. So that the circulating of exhaust gas to be cooled in advance in such that the mass of air increases.This research aims to study the performance and a reduction in NOX of diesel engine with EGR using addition of air cooling system. The experiments were used on diesel engine Yanmar TF 85-MHDI.

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