Periodontitis is a bacterial infectious disease leading to the loss of periodontal supporting tissues and teeth. The current guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes for periodontitis treatments cannot effectively promote tissue regeneration for the limited antibacterial properties and the excessively fast degradation rate. Besides, they need extra tailoring according to variform defects before implantation, leading to imprecise match. This study proposed an injectable sodium alginate hydrogel composite (CTP-SA) doped with cubic cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) and polydopaminecoated titanium dioxide (TiO 2 @PDA) nanoparticles for GTR. Inspired by the gelation process of the jelly, the phase change (liquid to solid) of CTP-SA after injection could automatch variform bone defects. Meanwhile, CTP-SA exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial capabilities under blue light (BL) irradiation, including Streptococcus mutans (one of the most abundant bacteria in oral biofilms). Moreover, the reactive oxygen species released under BL excitation could accelerate the oxidation of Cu + to Cu 2+ . Afterward, osteogenesis could be enhanced through two factors simultaneously: the stimulation of newly formed Cu 2+ and the photothermal effect of CTP-SA under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Collectively, through this dual-light (blue and NIR) noninvasive regulation, CTP-SA could switch antibacterial and osteogenic modes to address requirements of patients at different healing stages, thereby realizing the customized GTR procedures.

urea into ammonia to increase the pH around thallus to resist the destruction of gastric acid, which is also one essential cause for colonizing in the gastric mucosa chronically. [2] The virulence factors generated by H. pylori can directly act on gastric mucosa, which stimulate mucosal cells, neutrophils and macrophages to secrete plenty of inflammatory chemokines, thereby inducting severe mucosal inflammatory reactions. [3] Furthermore, activated inflammatory cells would produce excessive oxygen free radicals through respiration, leading to mitochondrial damage and protein denaturation of gastric mucosal epithelial cells, thereby causing oxidativestress-mediated gastric mucosal disruption, which further resulting in gastric diseases, such as chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. [4] Nowadays, the antibiotic therapy dominated by clarithromycin, metronidazole or amoxicillin is used as the first-line treatment for H. pylori in the world. [5] However, for the lack of targeting property on H. pylori, the long-term use of antibiotics tends to destroy the homeostasis of intestinal flora. [6] Furthermore, although antibiotics can destroy H. pylori, it is still a formidable challenge of antibiotics to address the dysregulation of inflammation response and the impaired gastric mucosa. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new antibiotic replacement therapy to achieve the following three requirements: I. Targeting inflammation precisely and eliminating H. pylori effectively. II. Regulating hyperactive immunoreaction and repairing damaged gastric mucosa. III. Protecting intestinal flora.Herein, we have designed a metal-organic framework hydrogen-generation system (Pd(H) @ ZIF-8 @ AP) that is formed by a hydrogen-generation nanoparticle based on a metalorganic framework (Pd(H) @ ZIF-8) and the negatively charged ascorbate palmitate (AP) hydrogel (Scheme 1a), which has three advantages (Scheme 1b): I) Inflammation-targeting and multiple antibacterial properties. It has been reported that longterm colonization of H. pylori leads to chronic gastric mucosal inflammation, [7] accompanied by increased expression of positively charged proteins and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP, IV collagenase), resulting in positive charge in the inflammatory site. [8] Therefore, AP hydrogel with both negative charge Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the leading cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Antibiotics, as traditional method for eliminating H. pylori, have no targeting effect, which causes serious bacterial resistance and gut dysbacteriosis. Moreover, antibiotics can hardly address hyperactive inflammatory response or damaged gastric mucosal barrier caused by H. pylori infection. Here, a pH-responsive metal-organic framework hydrogen-generation nanoparticle (Pd(H) @ ZIF-8) is reported, which is encapsulated with ascorbate palmitate (AP) hydrogel. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the outer AP hydrogel can target and adhere to the inflammatory site through electrostatic interactions,...

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Osteoporosis is one of the most common diseases affecting bone metabolism. Nitric oxide (NO), an endogenous gas molecule involved in osteogenesis, can effectively promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Although exogenous NO can reverse osteoporosis to a certain extent, the transitory half-life and short diffusion radius of NO severely limit its application. In this work, a gas generation nanoplatform of NO with bone targeting property (UCPA) is developed based on the upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that can convert 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) light into UV/blue light, and further stimulate the NO donor (BNN) to release NO. With an adjustment of the output power of the 808 nm NIR, the amount of released NO can be precisely controlled. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate the favorable affinity of UCPA to bone due to the modification of alendronate; thus, it can directly release NO in bone and reverse osteoporosis. In addition, the cellular uptake of nanocomposites and intracellular NO release can be observed in preosteoblasts, thereby promoting their differentiation efficiently.

Sperm-specific K+ ion channel (KSper) and Ca2+ ion channel (CatSper), whose elimination causes male infertility in mice, determine the membrane potential and Ca2+ influx, respectively. KSper and CatSper can be activated by cytosolic alkalization, which occurs during sperm going through the alkaline environment of the female reproductive tract. However, which intracellular pH (pHi) regulator functionally couples to the activation of KSper/CatSper remains obscure. Although Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) have been implicated to mediate pHi in sperm, there is a lack of direct evidence confirming the functional coupling between NHEs and KSper/CatSper. Here, 5-(N, N-dimethyl)-amiloride (DMA), an NHEs inhibitor that firstly proved not to affect KSper/CatSper directly, was chosen to examine NHEs function on KSper/CatSper in mouse sperm. The results of patch clamping recordings showed that, when extracellular pH was at the physiological level of 7.4, DMA application caused KSper inhibition and the depolarization of membrane potential when pipette solutions were not pH-buffered. In contrast, these effects were minimized when pipette solutions were pH-buffered, indicating that they solely resulted from pHi acidification caused by NHEs inhibition. Similarly, DMA treatment reduced CatSper current and intracellular Ca2+, effects also dependent on the buffer capacity of pH in pipette solutions. The impairment of sperm motility was also observed after DMA incubation. These results manifested that NHEs activity is coupled to the activation of KSper/CatSper under physiological conditions.

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To ensure the photovoltaic (PV) arrays under partial shading condition(PSC) could still output maximum power quickly and efficiently, this work presents a modified hybrid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method, which applies artificial neural network (ANN) to the modified perturb and observe (MP&O). Instead of using expensive illumination intensity sensors directly, the illumination intensity on each module in the PV array can be obtained indirectly by sampling the specific points of their own cheaper voltage-current sensors. ANN uses indirect illumination intensity to predict the optimal voltage areas of the global maximum power point (GMPP). Based on the areas, MP&O adopts a adaptive step size strategy to obtain GMPP. By modeling and simulation in Matlab/Simulink, it is shown that the tracking time and efficiency of the proposed method in this work can reach 0.026s and 99.87% respectively. Compared with other methods, the method has faster speed, higher efficiency, smaller fluctuation and lower complexity.

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